vernacular architecture

Examples of vernacular architecture in the following topics:

• Domestic Architecture in Modern Africa

  • As with most architectural traditions elsewhere, African architecture has been subject to numerous external influences from the earliest periods for which evidence is available.
  • Vernacular architecture uses a wide range of materials, such as thatch, stick/wood, mud, mudbrick, rammed earth, and stone, with a preference for materials varying by region.
  • Neo-vernacular architecture, or new forms of vernacular architecture, continues, for instance with the Great Mosques of Nioro or New Gourna.
  • Lunda dwellings (from the Kingdom of Lunda, a pre-colonial African confederation of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, north-eastern Angola, and northwestern Zambia from c. 1665–1887) display the square and the cone-on-ground types of African vernacular architecture.
  • Evaluate the influences of Baroque, Arab, Turkish, and Gujarati Indian architectural styles on traditional African architecture.

• Monumental Reliefs in Southeast Asia

  • Sculpture and architecture were intimately connected in Southeast Asia, and monumental reliefs were used to decorate the walls of buildings.
  • Monumental reliefs represent an important facet of ancient Southeast Asian art, where sculpture and architecture were intimately connected with one another.
  • Many of these reliefs provide glimpses of scenes of daily life; for example, the relief sculptures from Borobudur depict scenes from 8th-century Java, including courtly palace life, a hermit in the forest, commoners in the village, temple and marketplace scenes, native vernacular architecture, and flora and fauna.
  • These bas-relief sculptures have served as a reference for historians in the study of ancient Javanese architecture, weaponry, fashion, and transportation.

• English Architecture in the Northern Renaissance

  • The Tudor architectural style was the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period (1485–1603).
  • The Tudor architectural style was the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period (1485–1603), and even beyond, for conservative college patrons.
  • The style of large houses moved away from the defensive architecture of earlier moated manor houses, and instead began emphasizing aesthetics.
  • It also has visible timber framing, typical of vernacular Tudor architecture.
  • Describe the key elements of the Tudor architectural style, including the Tudor arch, oriel windows, and the chimney stack.

• Spanish Architecture in the Baroque Period

  • A particular strand of Baroque architecture evolved in Spain and its provinces and former colonies in the late 17th century.
  • In Madrid, a vernacular Baroque with its roots in Herrerian and in traditional brick construction was developed in the Plaza Mayor and in the Royal Palace of El Buen Retiro, which was destroyed during the French invasion by Napoleon's troops.
  • The Royal Palaces of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Segovia and Aranjuez in Madrid are good examples of Baroque integration of architecture and gardening.
  • Three sides of the Plaza Mayor, well known for its Spanish Baroque architecture.
  • Identify characteristics of Spanish Baroque architecture, its most famous examples, and how it differs from the art of Northern Europe in the 17th century

• Architecture of the Holy Roman Empire

  • Architecture from the Holy Roman Empire spans from the Romanesque to the Classic eras.
  • German buildings from this period include Lorsch Abbey, which combines elements of the Roman triumphal arch (including arch-shaped passageways and half-columns) with the vernacular Teutonic heritage (including baseless triangles of the blind arcade and polychromatic masonry).
  • Gothic architecture flourished during the high and late medieval period, evolving from Romanesque architecture.
  • As in other areas of Europe, Renaissance architecture in the Holy Roman Empire placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry, and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of classical antiquity and, in particular, ancient Roman architecture.
  • It drew inspiration from the classical architecture of antiquity and was a reaction against the Baroque style, in both architecture and landscape design.

• Environmental Context of Architecture

• Ottonian Architecture in the Early European Middle Ages

  • Ottonian architecture flourished from the 10th-11th centuries and drew inspiration from Carolingian and Byzantine architecture.
  • Surviving examples of this style of architecture are found today in Germany and Belgium.
  • Ottonian architecture chiefly drew its inspiration from both Carolingian and Byzantine architecture and represents the absorption of classical Mediterranean and Christian architectural forms with Germanic styles.
  • One of the finest surviving examples of Ottonian architecture is St.
  • Cyriakus is one of the few surviving examples of Ottonian architecture and combines Carolingian elements with innovations that anticipate Romanesque architecture.

• Architecture

  • In its purest form, neoclassicism is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome.
  • Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style that was produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-eighteenth century.
  • Though neoclassical architecture employs the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tends to emphasize its planar qualities rather than its sculptural volumes.
  • It is also recognizable in the classicizing vein of Late Baroque architecture in Paris.
  • These models were increasingly available for close study through the medium of architectural engravings of measured drawings of surviving Roman architecture.

• Academic Architecture

  • Beaux-Arts architecture expressed the academic neoclassical architectural style that was taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
  • Beaux-Arts architecture expresses the academic neoclassical architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
  • "Beaux Arts" describes the architectural style of over two centuries of instruction under academic authority: first, of the Académie royale d'architecture (1671–1793), then, following the French Revolution, the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.
  • Beaux-Arts training made great use of agrafes (clasps that links one architectural detail to another), interpenetration of forms, "speaking architecture" (architecture parlante) in which supposed appropriateness of symbolism could be taken to literal-minded extremes.
  • After centuries of dominating architectural schools and training processes, the Beaux-Arts style began fade in favor of Modernist architecture and the International Style on the eve of World War I.

• Rococo Architecture

  • 18th century Rococo architecture was a lighter, more graceful, yet also more elaborate version of Baroque architecture.
  • Rococo architecture, as mentioned above, was a lighter, more graceful, yet also more elaborate version of Baroque architecture, which was ornate and austere.
  • Whilst the styles were similar, there are some notable differences between both Rococo and Baroque architecture, one of them being symmetry, since Rococo emphasized the asymmetry of forms, whilst Baroque was the opposite.
  • Other elements belonging to the architectural style of Rococo include numerous curves and decorations, as well as the usage of pale colors.
  • Rococo architecture also brought significant changes to the building of edifices, placing an emphasis on privacy rather than the grand public majesty of Baroque architecture, as well as improving the structure of buildings in order to create a more healthy environment.