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1778

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 17th century18th century19th century
Decades: 1740s  1750s  1760s  – 1770s –   1780s   1790s   1800s
Years: 1775 1776 177717781779 1780 1781
1778 by topic:
Arts and Sciences
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature ( Poetry) – Music – Science
Countries
Canada – Great Britain – United States
Lists of leaders
Colonial governors – State leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
1778 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar 1778
MDCCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita 2531
Armenian calendar 1227
ԹՎ ՌՄԻԷ
Assyrian calendar 6528
Bahá'í calendar -66–-65
Bengali calendar 1185
Berber calendar 2728
British Regnal year 18 Geo. 3 – 19 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar 2322
Burmese calendar 1140
Byzantine calendar 7286–7287
Chinese calendar 丁酉年十二月初三日
(4414/4474-12-3)
— to —
戊戌年十一月十三日
(4415/4475-11-13)
Coptic calendar 1494–1495
Ethiopian calendar 1770–1771
Hebrew calendar 5538–5539
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1834–1835
 - Shaka Samvat 1700–1701
 - Kali Yuga 4879–4880
Holocene calendar 11778
Igbo calendar
 - Ǹrí Ìgbò 778–779
Iranian calendar 1156–1157
Islamic calendar 1191–1192
Japanese calendar An'ei 7
(安永7年)
Juche calendar N/A (before 1912)
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar 4111
Minguo calendar 134 before ROC
民前134年
Thai solar calendar 2321


Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

June 28: The Battle of Monmouth.
  • January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the Sandwich Islands.
  • February 5 – South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
  • February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France, signaling official French recognition of the new republic.
  • February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the American troops.
  • March 6– October 24 – Captain Cook explores and maps the Pacific Northwest coast of North America from Cape Foulweather (Oregon) to the Bering Strait.
  • March 10 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieut. Frederick Gotthold Enslin for "attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier".
  • May 30 – Benedict Arnold signs US oath of allegiance at Valley Forge
  • June 24 – A total solar eclipse takes place across parts of USA from Texas to Virginia.
  • June 28 – American Revolutionary War Battle of Monmouth: George Washington's Continental Army battles the British general Sir Henry Clinton's army to a draw near Monmouth, New Jersey.

July–December

  • July 3 – American Revolutionary War: the Wyoming Massacre takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a terrible defeat of the local colonists.
  • July 4 – American Revolutionary War: George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia.
  • July 10 – Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
  • July 27 – American Revolutionary War First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
  • August 26 – Triglav, at 2,864 meters above sea level the highest peak of Slovenia, is ascended for the first time by four men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič, and Lovrenc Willomitzer on Sigmund Zois' initiative.
  • August 29 – American Revolutionary War: The tactically inconclusive Battle of Rhode Island takes place, after which the Continental Army abandons its position on Aquidneck Island.
  • September – The Massachusetts Banishment Act, providing punishment for Loyalists, is passed.
  • September 17 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe (the Lenape or Delaware).
  • September 19 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
  • November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.
November 26: Captain Cook lands on Maui.

Date unknown

  • The first settlement is made in the area of what is now Louisville, Kentucky, by 13 families under Colonel George Rogers Clark.
  • Phillips Academy, the most prestigious secondary boarding school in the United States, is founded by Samuel Phillips Jr.
  • The term " thoroughbred" is first used in the United States in an advertisement in a Kentucky gazette to describe a New Jersey stallion called Pilgarlick.


Births

  • January 3 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (d. 1861)
  • January 27 – Andrew Sterett, American naval officer (d. 1807)
  • February 14 – Fernando Sor, Spanish Composer & Guitarist (d. 1839)
  • February 22 – Rembrandt Peale, American artist (d. 1860)
  • March 19 – Edward Pakenham, British general (d. 1815)
  • April 10 – William Hazlitt, English essayist (d. 1830)
  • May 18 – Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (d. 1854)
  • August 11 – Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German patriot (d. 1852)
  • September 8 – Clemens Brentano, German poet (d. 1842)
  • September 19 – Henry Peter Brougham, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1868)
  • October 11 – George Bridgetower, Afro-Polish violinist (d. 1860)
  • November 1 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d. 1837)
  • November 23 – Samuel Humphreys, American naval architect (d. 1846)
  • November 25 – Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer (d. 1856)
  • December 17 – Sir Humphry Davy, English chemist (d. 1829)
  • December 19 – Marie Thérèse Charlotte (d. 1851)
  • December 28 – Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, Polish politician (d. 1846)
  • date unknown – Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)

Deaths

  • January 10 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (b. 1707)
  • February 18 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman (b. 1715)
  • February 20 – Laura Bassi, Italian scholar (b. 1711)
  • March 5 – Thomas Arne, English composer of Rule, Britannia! (b. 1710)
  • March 7 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. 1720)
  • March 13 – Charles le Beau, French historian (b. 1701)
  • April 22 – James Hargreaves, English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. 1720)
  • May 11 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1708)
  • May 16 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat and politician (b. 1718)
  • May 30 – Voltaire, French philosopher (b. 1694)
  • June 12 – Philip Livingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1716)
  • June 16 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720)
  • June 24 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (b. 1714)
  • July 2 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (b. 1712)
  • July 2 – Bathsheba Spooner, American murderer (b. c. 1746)
  • July 3 – Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother to the Mozarts (b. 1720)
  • July 5 – James Townley, English dramatist (b. 1714)
  • August 5 – Charles Clémencet, French historian (b. 1703)
  • August 12 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, British general and politician (b. 1714)
  • November 9 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)
  • November 20 – Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726)
  • date unknown Tomas Johnson, furniture maker (b. 1714)
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