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File:Horn Antenna-in Holmdel, New Jersey.jpeg

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This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States. Its reference number is 89002457.

Summary

Description
English: The 15 meter Holmdel horn antenna at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey was built in 1959 for pioneering work in communication satellites for the NASA ECHO I. The antenna was 50 feet in length and the entire structure weighed about 18 tons. It was comprised of aluminium with a steel base. It was used to detect radio waves that bounced off Project ECHO balloon satellites. The horn was later modified to work with the Telstar Communication Satellite frequencies as a receiver for broadcast signals from the satellite. In 1964, radio astronomers Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation with it, for which they were awarded the 1978 Nobel prize in physics. In 1990 the horn was dedicated to the National Park Service as a National Historic Landmark.
This type of antenna is called a Hogg or horn-reflector antenna, invented by Albert Beck and Harald Friis in 1941 and further developed by D. C. Hogg at Bell Labs in 1961. It consists of a flaring metal horn with a reflector mounted in the mouth at a 45° angle, so the antenna receives radio waves at a 90° angle to the horn axis. The reflector is a segment of a parabolic reflector, so the antenna is equivalent to a parabolic antenna fed off-axis. This type of antenna has characteristics that make it a good radio telescope: it has very broad bandwidth, the aperture efficiency can be calculated accurately, and the horn shields the antenna from electrical noise coming from angles outside the beam axis, so it picks up little thermal ground noise.
Date June 1962
Source Great Images in NASA Description
Author NASA
Permission
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Object location

40° 23′ 29.00″ N, 74° 11′ 7.00″ W

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Shuttle.svg This image or video was catalogued by NASA Headquarters of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: GPN-2003-00013 AND Alternate ID: 62-Tels-20.
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