Log Graders and Scalers

Career summary

Log graders and scalers perform the following tasks:

• Measure logs
• Weigh logs
• Calculate volume
• Grade logs
• Estimate market value

Log graders and scalers usually measure logs on log trucks. Sometimes logs are rolled out onto the ground to be scaled. Occasionally, they measure logs that are floating in ponds. They do this by walking and balancing on the logs. Log graders and scalers use tape measures to measure the length of each log and the diameter of both the large and small end. Graders and scalers enter the length and diameters into calculators or hand-held computers. They use weigh stations to weigh trucks that are loaded with logs. By subtracting the weight of the unloaded truck, they determine the weight of the logs. Using an approved scaling formula and special software, they calculate the volume of wood.

Graders and scalers use different guidelines for each tree species. They make deductions for knots, holes, and charred, missing, or rotten wood. They assign a grade according to the quality of the wood. Then they estimate the market value based on the amount of useful wood in the logs. They factor tree species and market prices into their estimates, using standard formulas. Graders and scales record the size, weight, and market value of each load of logs. They forward this documentation to administrative centers for review. They may paint the grade value on the logs.

Graders and scalers base their volume reports on several methods of computing. They must use methods that are acceptable to both buyers and sellers. For example, Canada uses the metric system and the United States does not. Japan has its own system. Because these nations are trading partners, graders and scalers must know how to use each country's methods.

Related careers

This career is part of the Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources cluster of careers.

Related careers include:

• Agricultural Inspectors
• Appraisers and Assessors
• Conservation Scientists
• Cost Estimators
• Foresters
• Forestry Technicians
• Park Naturalists
• Science Technicians
• Shipping and Receiving Clerks

Job duties

Task list

The following list of tasks is specific to log graders and scalers.

• Inspect logs on the ground, on trucks, and in ponds.
• Determine the species of trees.
• Identify defects and characteristics of the logs.
• Weigh log trucks before and after unloading.
• Record weight and identity of supplier.
• Determine grade according to quality and set criteria.
• Paint grade marks on logs or call out grade for marker.
• Measure length and diameters of logs at large and small ends.
• Enter species, grade, prices, and dimensions into handheld calculator or computer.
• Compute and calculate total volume, waste volume, marketable volume, and value of logs.
• Communicate with coworkers with signals to direct log movement.
• Drive to sawmills, wharfs, or skids to inspect logs.
• Saw felled trees into lengths.
• Keep administrative records for bureau, agency, or other employers.

Common work activities

Log graders and scalers perform the following tasks. These tasks are common to many careers.

• Judge the value of objects, services, or people
• Document and record information
• Estimate sizes, quantities, time, cost, or materials needed
• Inspect equipment, structures, or materials
• Evaluate information against standards
• Communicate with supervisors, peers, or subordinates
• Get information needed to do the job
• Identify objects, actions, and events
• Monitor events, materials, and surroundings
• Process information
• Make decisions and solve problems
• Operate vehicles or mechanized equipment
• Perform activities that use the whole body
• Use computers
• Handle and move objects
• Organize, plan, and prioritize work
• Monitor and control resources
• Establish and maintain relationships
• Perform administrative tasks
• Communicate with people outside the organization
• Update and use job-related knowledge
• Teach others
• Analyze data or information
• Schedule work and activities
• Resolve conflicts and negotiate with others
• Perform for or work with the public

Work requirements

Working conditions

In a typical work setting, log graders and scalers:

Interpersonal relationships

• Have a medium to high level of social interaction.
• Communicate daily by telephone and in person.
• Often work as part of a team.
• Are somewhat responsible for the health and safety of others.
• May occasionally be placed in conflict situations in which others may become rude or angry.
• Are somewhat responsible for the results of work done by others.

Physical work conditions

• Often work outdoors at weigh stations, log landings, and in log storage yards.
• Work indoors on rare occasions to inspect wood inside mills.
• Always wear protective gear, such as hard hats, ear protection, and sturdy boots.
• Are occasionally exposed to moderate injury from hazardous equipment.
• May be exposed to very hot or cold temperatures, depending on the weather.
• Sometimes are subjected to sounds and noise levels that are loud or distracting.
• Often work in enclosed vehicles and equipment, especially log trucks.
• Are often exposed to contaminants.

Work performance

• Must be exact and accurate in performing the job. Errors can result in financial loss.
• Often repeat the same physical and mental activities.
• Often make decisions that greatly impact clients and their employer's reputation.
• Usually make decisions and set daily tasks and goals without consulting others.
• Work in a moderately competitive atmosphere where monthly deadlines must be met.

Hours/travel

• Have months with little or no work, such as during fire season or periods of heavy rain.
• May travel to various logging or storage sites to inspect, grade, and scale logs.
• May work from dawn to dark during busy periods.

Physical demands

Log graders and scalers frequently:

• Use their hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools, or controls.
• Repeat the same movements.
• Stand for long periods of time.
• Walk or run for long periods of time.
• Sit for long periods of time.

It is important for log graders and scalers to be able to:

• See details of objects that are less than a few feet away.
• See details of objects that are more than a few feet away.
• See differences between colors, shades, and brightness.
• Hold the arm and hand in one position or hold the hand steady while moving the arm.
• Use one or two hands to grasp, move, or assemble objects.
• Use fingers to grasp, move, or assemble very small objects.
• Make quick, precise adjustments to machine controls.
• Understand the speech of another person.
• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.

It is not as important, but still necessary, for log graders and scalers to be able to:

• Move two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while remaining in place.
• Determine the distance between objects.
• Use muscles to lift, push, pull, or carry heavy objects.
• Focus on one source of sound and ignore others.
• Bend, stretch, twist, or reach out.
• Use stomach and lower back muscles to support the body for long periods without getting tired.
• Hear sounds and recognize the difference between them.
• React quickly using hands, fingers, or feet.
• Choose quickly and correctly among various movements when responding to different signals.
• Adjust body movements or equipment controls to keep pace with speed changes of moving objects.
• Make fast, repeated movements of fingers, hands, and wrists.
• Move arms and legs quickly.
• Be physically active for long periods without getting tired or out of breath.
• Coordinate movement of several parts of the body, such as arms and legs, while the body is moving.
• Keep or regain the body's balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
• Use muscles for extended periods without getting tired.
• Use muscles to jump, sprint, or throw objects.

Skills and abilities

Log graders and scalers need to:

Communicate

• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.
• Understand spoken information.
• Listen to others and ask questions.
• Write clearly so other people can understand.
• Understand written information.

Reason and problem solve

• Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong.
• Analyze ideas and use logic to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
• Develop rules that group items in various ways.
• Use reasoning to discover answers to problems.
• Combine several pieces of information and draw conclusions.
• Judge the costs and benefits of a possible action.
• Understand new information or materials by studying and working with them.
• Follow guidelines to arrange objects or actions in a certain order.
• Concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task.

Use math and science

• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide quickly and correctly.
• Choose a mathematical method or formula to solve problems.

Manage oneself, people, time, and things

• Check how well one is learning or doing something.

Work with people

• Change behavior in relation to others' actions.

Perceive and visualize

• Quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns.
• Identify a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in distracting material.

Education and training

Educational programs

The programs of study listed below will help you prepare for the occupation or career cluster you are exploring.

Programs of study to consider

• Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations
• Forest Technology
• Forestry

Training

To work as a log grader and scaler, you typically need to:

• have a high school diploma or equivalent; and
• complete moderate-term, on-the-job training.

Education after high school

No formal education is required beyond high school.

Work experience

Summer work in the forest is helpful work experience for this occupation.

On-the-job training

Log graders or scalers learn their skills on the job. Large logging companies provide training to their employees. Private scaling companies, known as bureaus, also provide on-the-job training. Bureau scalers must be tested and certified in scaling rules for the regions where they work. You can also take courses through timber associations.

On the job, you learn to:

• inspect and measure logs; and
• use computerized scaling equipment.

You also learn the national and international regulations and standards for log scaling.

Training may last up to one year.

Helpful high school courses

You should take a general high school curriculum that meets the state's graduation requirements. You will be required to take both math and science classes to graduate.

Helpful electives to take in high school that prepare you for this career include:

• Computer Fundamentals
• Forestry
• Physical Education

Many log graders and scalers are self-employed. If you want to run your own business some day, you should consider taking these courses as well:

• Accounting
• Entrepreneurship
• Introduction to Business

The courses listed above are meant to help you create your high school plan. If you have not already done so, talk to a school counselor or parent about the courses you are considering taking.

You should also check with a teacher or counselor to see if work-based learning opportunities are available in your school and community. These might include field trips, job shadowing, internships, and actual work experience. The goal of these activities is to help you connect your school experiences with real-life work.

Join some groups, try some hobbies, or volunteer with an organization that interests you. By participating in activities you can have fun, make new friends, and learn about yourself. Maybe one of them will help direct you to a future career. Here are examples of activities and groups that may be available in your high school or community.

Things to know

Employers prefer to hire experienced graders and scalers. They look for those who are certified to estimate volume for several species and can use several methods. For entry-level positions, employers look for people who have logging or forestry experience or formal education in forest management and timber harvesting. With the mechanization of timber harvesting, fewer people have the all-around logging experience that employers have traditionally required.

Job listings

Listed below are links to job categories from the National Labor Exchange that relate to this career. Once you get a list of jobs, you can view information about individual jobs and find out how to apply. If your job search finds too many openings, or if you wish to search for jobs outside of Washington, you will need to refine your search.

• Log Graders and Scalers 

To get a listing of current jobs from the WorkSource system, go to the WorkSource website .

Wages

Earnings vary by employer. Wages also vary by the worker's level of experience and reputation for accuracy.

Log graders and scalers who work full time usually receive benefits. Common benefits include paid sick leave, health insurance, and a retirement plan. Graders and scalers who are self-employed must provide their own insurance and retirement plan.

Employment and outlook

Washington outlook

The table below provides information about the number of workers in this career in various regions. It also provides information about the expected growth rate and future job openings.

National employment

About 27% of log graders and scalers are self-employed.

Major employers:

• Sawmills and lumber mills
• Logging companies

National outlook

Demand for this occupation is expected to experience a decline. Since most trees harvested now are smaller than those harvested in the past, the trend is toward scaling by weight rather than by individual log. Because weight scaling is faster, this may reduce the need for log graders and scalers.

There is reduced demand for US timber due to foreign timber imports. More logging is automated reducing the need for logging workers. Some openings will occur as current workers retire or leave this occupation for other reasons.

Other resources

American Forest and Paper Association 
1101 K Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
202.463.2700

Forest Guild 

Forest Resources Association 
1901 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 303
Washington, DC 20006
202.296.3937

Washington Business Week 
PO Box 1170
Renton, WA 98057
253.237.3545

Washington Contract Loggers Association 
PO Box 2168
Olympia, WA 98507-2168
800.422.0074
360.352.5033

References

Career cluster

• Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources

Career path

• Realistic (Technical)

O*Net  occupation

• Log Graders and Scalers (45-4023.00) 

O*Net job zone 

• Job Zone 2 - Some preparation needed. Some previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience may be helpful in these occupations, but usually is not needed.

DOT occupations

• Log Grader (455.367-010) 
• Log Scaler (455.487-010) 

Holland occupational cluster

• Realistic/Conventional/Enterprising

COPSystem

• Outdoor