Surveyors

Career summary

They write descriptions of land for deeds, leases, and other legal documents. They define airspace for airports. They survey bodies of water to get data to construct piers and other structures. Surveyors also measure construction and mineral sites. They provide data that defines the size, shape, outline, or elevation of land or land features.

Surveyors direct the work of survey parties. It consists of a party chief and several technicians and helpers. These workers use survey tools to measure distances, directions, and angles between points. They also measure elevations of points, lines, and contours on the earth's surface. Surveyors plan the fieldwork and select known survey reference points to measure. They determine the exact location of important features in the survey area.

In addition, surveyors research legal records. They look for visual evidence of previous boundaries. They record the results of the survey and verify that the data is accurate. From this data, they prepare plots, maps, and reports. They also talk to engineers, clients, or others involved with the project.

Surveyors use global positioning systems (GPS). This is a satellite system that precisely locates points on the earth by using radio signals. To use this system, surveyors place a receiver, mounted on a tripod, at a desired point. The receiver collects signals from several satellites. From these signals it can locate a precise position. The receiver can also be placed in a vehicle for tracing out road systems. Surveyors interpret and check the results.

Surveyors also use aerial photography and geographic information systems (GIS). GIS are computerized data banks of specialized data about the earth's surface.

Related careers

This career is part of the Architecture and Construction cluster of careers.

Related careers include:

• Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
• Conservation Scientists
• Engineering Technicians
• Environmental Engineering Technicians
• Forestry Technicians
• Geospatial Information Scientists and Technologists
• Precision Agriculture Technicians
• Science Technicians
• Surveying and Mapping Technicians

Military careers

• Surveying, Mapping, and Drafting Technicians

Job duties

Task list

The following list of tasks is specific to surveyors.

• Plan fieldwork and direct the work of survey parties.
• Record survey results and verify the accuracy of the data.
• Provide data about the shape, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features.
• Calculate land measurements.
• Prepare plots, maps, and reports.
• Write description of survey findings for use in legal documents.
• Plan and conduct ground surveys.
• Research legal records. Look for evidence of previous boundaries.
• Communicate with engineers, architects, clients, or others involved with the project.
• Adjust surveying instruments in order to maintain their accuracy.
• Use survey instruments and equipment. Use Global Positioning System (GPS) for larger projects. May use other complex technology.
• Determine the exact location of important features in the survey area.
• Train and direct assistants and helpers.
• Analyze survey data and prepare proposals.
• Develop guidelines for the design of survey instruments.
• Calculate measurements and interpret survey data.
• Research surveying and mapping methods
• Locate and mark selected sites.
• Develop standards for survey methods and procedures.
• Survey bodies of water in preparation for construction.

Common work activities

Surveyors perform the following tasks. These tasks are common to many careers.

• Make decisions and solve problems
• Use computers
• Get information needed to do the job
• Document and record information
• Process information
• Evaluate information against standards
• Analyze data or information
• Communicate with supervisors, peers, or subordinates
• Schedule work and activities
• Organize, plan, and prioritize work
• Communicate with people outside the organization
• Update and use job-related knowledge
• Perform for or work with the public
• Perform activities that use the whole body
• Identify objects, actions, and events
• Provide information or drawings about devices, equipment, or structures
• Explain the meaning of information to others
• Coach others
• Coordinate the work and activities of others
• Estimate sizes, quantities, time, cost, or materials needed
• Guide, direct, and motivate others
• Teach others
• Operate vehicles or mechanized equipment
• Establish and maintain relationships
• Develop and build teams
• Perform administrative tasks
• Inspect equipment, structures, or materials
• Monitor and control resources
• Handle and move objects
• Monitor events, materials, and surroundings
• Resolve conflicts and negotiate with others
• Develop goals and strategies
• Provide advice and consultation to others
• Repair and maintain electronic equipment
• Control machines and processes
• Think creatively

Work requirements

Working conditions

In a typical work setting, surveyors:

Interpersonal relationships

• Have a high level of social contact. They work closely with technicians and assistants.
• Are responsible for the work outcomes and results of survey parties.
• Are responsible for the health and safety of survey parties.
• Communicate with coworkers daily by telephone, e-mail, or in person.
• Are sometimes placed in conflict situations.
• Write letters and memos on a daily to weekly basis.
• Work in a group or as part of a team.

Physical work conditions

• Work both indoors and outdoors.
• Are often exposed to very hot or very cold temperatures while working outdoors.
• Often wear safety attire, such as hard hats.
• Sometimes are exposed to hazardous equipment.
• Are exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable when operating equipment.
• Work in a vehicle when traveling to sites.
• Work somewhat close to other people, such as when sharing office space.
• Sometimes must work in very bright or very dim lighting.

Work performance

• Must be sure their work is exact so that legal descriptions are accurate. Errors can be costly.
• Must repeat the same physical activities.
• Make decisions on a daily basis that affect those in the surveying party. They consult supervisors for some decisions, but make most without consulting with a supervisor.
• Rarely consult a supervisor before setting tasks and goals for the day.
• Must meet strict deadlines on a weekly basis. This may make the work atmosphere somewhat competitive.

Hours/travel

• Usually work 40 hours a week. They may work longer hours during the summer, when weather and light conditions are best for fieldwork.
• May commute long distances and stay overnight.
• May temporarily relocate near a survey site.

Physical demands

Surveyors frequently:

• Use their hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools, or controls.
• Stand for long periods of time.
• Walk or run for long periods of time.

It is important for surveyors to be able to:

• Understand the speech of another person.
• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.
• See details of objects that are less than a few feet away.
• See details of objects that are more than a few feet away.
• Determine the distance between objects.
• Hold the arm and hand in one position or hold the hand steady while moving the arm.
• Use one or two hands to grasp, move, or assemble objects.
• Use fingers to grasp, move, or assemble very small objects.
• Make quick, precise adjustments to machine controls.

It is not as important, but still necessary, for surveyors to be able to:

• Move two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while remaining in place.
• See differences between colors, shades, and brightness.
• Bend, stretch, twist, or reach out.
• React quickly using hands, fingers, or feet.
• Use stomach and lower back muscles to support the body for long periods without getting tired.
• Use muscles to lift, push, pull, or carry heavy objects.
• Be physically active for long periods without getting tired or out of breath.
• Hear sounds and recognize the difference between them.
• Focus on one source of sound and ignore others.
• See objects in very bright or glaring light.
• Coordinate movement of several parts of the body, such as arms and legs, while the body is moving.
• Keep or regain the body's balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
• Use muscles for extended periods without getting tired.
• Make fast, repeated movements of fingers, hands, and wrists.

Skills and abilities

Surveyors need to:

Communicate

• Understand written information.
• Understand spoken information.
• Read and understand work-related materials.
• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.
• Write clearly so other people can understand.
• Listen to others and ask questions.

Reason and problem solve

• Use reasoning to discover answers to problems.
• Analyze ideas and use logic to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
• Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong.
• Combine several pieces of information and draw conclusions.
• Follow guidelines to arrange objects or actions in a certain order.
• Develop rules that group items in various ways.
• Judge the costs and benefits of a possible action.
• Recognize the nature of a problem.
• Understand new information or materials by studying and working with them.
• Make sense of information that seems without meaning or organization.
• Concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task.
• Recognize when important changes happen or are likely to happen in a system.

Use math and science

• Use math skills to solve problems.
• Choose a mathematical method or formula to solve problems.
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide quickly and correctly.

Manage oneself, people, time, and things

• Manage the time of self and others.
• Check how well one is learning or doing something.

Work with people

• Change behavior in relation to others' actions.
• Use several methods to learn or teach new things.
• Teach others how to do something.
• Be aware of others' reactions and understand the possible causes.

Perceive and visualize

• Imagine how something will look if it is moved around or its parts are rearranged.
• Identify a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in distracting material.
• Know one's location in a physical setting and recognize where other objects are located in relation to oneself.
• Quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns.

Education and training

Educational programs

The programs of study listed below will help you prepare for the occupation or career cluster you are exploring.

Programs of study directly related to this occupation

• Surveying Technology

Other programs of study to consider

• Cartography
• Forest Technology
• Geography
• Geological and Earth Sciences
• Mining Technology
• Petroleum Technology

Training

To work as a surveyor, you typically need to:

• have a high school diploma or equivalent;
• have a bachelor's degree in surveying or a related field;
• complete an internship; and
• have a license.

Education after high school

Surveyors typically need a bachelor's degree. About 26 colleges and universities offer a relevant bachelor's degree program, such as surveying technology. A degree in a closely related field, such as civil engineering or forestry, is often acceptable as well.

Work experience

Most states require four years of surveying experience to become a licensed surveyor. 

On-the-job training

New surveyors generally receive some training on the job. The length of training varies by employer. In general, you will receive up to three months of training.

Because of rapid changes in surveying technology, you spend time each year learning new hardware and software.

Military training

Some branches of the military train people to be surveying, mapping, and drafting technicians. Training lasts nine to 31 weeks, depending on your specialty. Additional training occurs on the job.

Helpful high school courses

In high school, take classes that prepare you for college. A college preparatory curriculum  may be different from your state's graduation requirements . Surveyors use advanced math. Try to take math through Trigonometry.

You should also consider taking some advanced courses in high school. This includes Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) courses if they are available in your school. If you do well in these courses, you may receive college credit for them. Advanced courses can also strengthen your college application.

Helpful electives to take in high school that prepare you for this career include:

• Computer Applications
• Geography
• Physical Education

The courses listed above are meant to help you create your high school plan. If you have not already done so, talk to a school counselor or parent about the courses you are considering taking.

You should also check with a teacher or counselor to see if work-based learning opportunities are available in your school and community. These might include field trips, job shadowing, internships, and actual work experience. The goal of these activities is to help you connect your school experiences with real-life work.

Join some groups, try some hobbies, or volunteer with an organization that interests you. By participating in activities you can have fun, make new friends, and learn about yourself. Maybe one of them will help direct you to a future career. Here are examples of activities and groups  that may be available in your high school or community.

Things to know

Most employers prefer a four-year degree in surveying or a related field.

Employers look for surveyors who have the ability to visualize distances, sizes, and abstract forms. They must be able to work accurately because mistakes are costly. Surveyors need good eyesight, coordination, and hearing. This is because they communicate with other team members verbally and with hand signals. Good people skills and the ability to work as part of a team are also important. For survey party chiefs and other supervisory jobs, leadership skills are necessary.

Employers may prefer to hire experienced workers who are licensed.

Tips

One should realize that the position of surveyor or party chief is rarely, if ever, a starting job. A strong educational background in math and science is helpful. Public speaking and good written communication skills are also helpful.

Costs to workers

Some workers may wish to join a professional association, which may have annual dues.

Licensing/certification

Land surveyors who make legal property and boundary surveys in Washington are required to be registered with the Washington State Department of Licensing. There are two levels of licensing.

Requirements for land-surveyor-in-training are:

• four years of education from an Accrediting Board of Engineering Technology approved school (partial credit may be given for education at non-ABET approved schools; contact Professional Licensing Services at the address below for details), or four years of approved experience, or a combination of education and experience; and
• passing a written exam.

Requirements for professional land surveyor (PLS) are:

• completion of the land-surveyor-in-training requirements;
• four additional years of experience as a surveyor under the direct supervision of a licensed land surveyor;
• passing two written exams; and
• payment of required fees.

For licensing information, contact:

Washington State Department of Licensing
Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and
Land Surveyors Licensing Program 
PO Box 9025
Olympia, WA 98507-9025
360.664.1575

For information on testing contact:

National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying 
PO Box 1686
Clemson, SC 29633-1686
800.250.3196

#2/18/20

Job listings

Listed below are links to job categories from the National Labor Exchange that relate to this career. Once you get a list of jobs, you can view information about individual jobs and find out how to apply. If your job search finds too many openings, or if you wish to search for jobs outside of Washington, you will need to refine your search.

• Surveyors 

To get a listing of current jobs from the WorkSource system, go to the WorkSource website .

Wages

Wages vary by employer and area of the country. Wages also vary based on the surveyor's experience and level of education.

Benefits vary by employer. Most full-time surveyors receive typical benefits. These include vacation, sick leave, and health insurance.

Employment and outlook

The table below provides information about the number of workers in this career in various regions. It also provides information about the expected growth rate and future job openings.

National employment

Major employers:

• Engineering and surveying companies
• Local and state government agencies

National outlook

Demand for this occupation will grow steadily. Surveyors will continue to be needed to certify boundary lines, work on resource extraction projects, and review sites for construction.

Opportunities will be best for surveyors who have at least a bachelor's degree and strong technical skills. Job openings will continue to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force.

Other resources

American Congress on Surveying and Mapping 
6 Montgomery Village Avenue, Suite 403
Gaithersburg, MD 20879
240.632.9716

Engineer Girl! 
National Academy of Engineering

Land Surveyors' Association of Washington 
526 South E Street
Santa Rosa, CA 95404
877.460.5880

National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying 
280 Seneca Creek Road
Seneca, SC 29678

National Society of Professional Surveyors 
5119 Pegasus Court, Suite Q
Frederick, MD 21704
240.439.4615

Society of Women Engineers 
130 East Randolph Street, Suite 3500
Chicago, IL 60601
877.793.4636

Technology Student Association 
1904 Association Drive
Reston, VA 20191-1540
888.860.9010

Washington Society of Professional Engineers 

References

Career cluster

• Architecture and Construction

Career path

• Realistic (Technical)

O*Net  occupation

• Surveyors (17-1022.00) 

O*Net job zone 

• Job Zone 4 - Considerable preparation needed. A minimum of two to four years of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations.

DOT occupations

• Director, Photogrammetry Flight Operations (184.167-026) 
• Geodesist (024.061-014) 
• Land Surveyor (018.167-018) 
• Photogrammetric Engineer (018.167-026) 
• Surveyor, Geodetic (018.167-038) 
• Surveyor, Geophysical Prospecting (018.167-042) 
• Surveyor, Marine (018.167-046) 
• Surveyor, Mine (018.161-010) 

Holland occupational clusters

• Realistic/Conventional/Investigative
• Realistic/Investigative/Conventional

COPSystem

• Science Skilled