Database Administrators

Career summary

Database administrators may also be called database analysts or, depending on job duties, database designers.

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# 3/18/19 lh

Database administrators use database management systems software. Databases are software systems that contain complex records of information. Software allows them to:

• Organize files
• Store information
• Retrieve data

Administrators sometimes develop new databases for clients. They talk to clients to learn about their database needs. They estimate the time and cost required to create the database. They develop a data model for approved projects. This model lists the data elements and how they are used.

Some database administrators do not write the code for databases. They supervise the computer programmers who write the code and monitor their progress. They test how well the databases work and make suggestions for changes. They teach people how to use finished databases.

Database administrators make changes to existing databases. They read documentation about the databases to learn why they are set up as they are. They make the changes or direct programmers to make them. Many plan and set up computer security systems. They write procedures and technical manuals.

Database administrators must be familiar with many types of computers and operating systems. These systems include:

• Mainframes
• Windows
• UNIX

Database technology changes quickly. Administrators attend classes and read magazines to keep their skills and knowledge up to date.

Related careers

This career is part of the Information Technology cluster of careers.

Related careers include:

• Computer and Information Research Scientists
• Computer and Information Systems Managers
• Computer Engineers
• Computer Network Architects
• Computer Network Support Specialists
• Computer Operators
• Computer Programmers
• Computer Systems Administrators
• Computer Systems Analysts
• Computer User Support Specialists
• Information Security Analysts
• Numerical Control Tool Programmers
• Operations Research Analysts

Military careers

• Computer Systems Specialists

Job duties

Task list

The following list of tasks is specific to database administrators.

• Talk to users to learn what they need from databases.
• Develop guidelines for software use, purchase, and protection.
• Plan and supervise the installation and testing of database systems.
• Monitor database performance. Make corrections and modifications as needed.
• Train users and answer questions.
• Develop data models and review workflow charts.
• Organize data into groups so it can be analyzed or managed.
• Write technical descriptions and instructions for use of databases.
• Research and set up computer security procedures.
• Find ways to make different database products work together and fit specific needs.
• Coordinate maintenance of databases.
• Direct and review procedures for updating and making changes to databases.
• Estimate the time and costs needed to carry out projects.
• Work as part of a database development team.
• Advise management on industry database trends.

Common work activities

Database administrators perform the following tasks. These tasks are common to many careers.

• Use computers
• Process information
• Analyze data or information
• Make decisions and solve problems
• Get information needed to do the job
• Organize, plan, and prioritize work
• Update and use job-related knowledge
• Document and record information
• Communicate with supervisors, peers, or subordinates
• Identify objects, actions, and events
• Think creatively
• Monitor events, materials, and surroundings
• Establish and maintain relationships
• Evaluate information against standards
• Estimate sizes, quantities, time, cost, or materials needed
• Develop goals and strategies

Work requirements

Working conditions

In a typical work setting, database administrators:

Interpersonal relationships

• Have a high level of social contact. They talk to coworkers and clients throughout the day.
• Work as part of a team. This is important when developing databases.
• Communicate with coworkers daily by telephone, e-mail, and in person.
• Are somewhat responsible for the work done by other administrators and computer support employees.

Physical work conditions

• Always work indoors.
• Are sometimes exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable.
• May share office space with coworkers.

Work performance

• Must be exact in their work and be sure all details are done. Serious results may occur if database administrators and their staff make mistakes. Deadlines may be missed and projects may cost a company more money to finish.
• Repeat the same physical and mental activities. This is very important when working at the computer.
• Must meet weekly and monthly deadlines.
• Can make most decisions and set most tasks without talking to a supervisor.
• Make decisions monthly that affect the financial resources of the company.

Hours/travel

• Work a regular schedule.
• Usually work more than 40 hours per week.

Physical demands

Database administrators frequently:

• Sit for long periods of time.
• Repeat the same movements.
• Use their hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools, or controls.

It is important for database administrators to be able to:

• See details of objects that are less than a few feet away.
• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.
• Understand the speech of another person.

It is not as important, but still necessary, for database administrators to be able to:

• See details of objects that are more than a few feet away.
• Use fingers to grasp, move, or assemble very small objects.
• Make quick, precise adjustments to machine controls.
• Focus on one source of sound and ignore others.
• See differences between colors, shades, and brightness.
• Hold the arm and hand in one position or hold the hand steady while moving the arm.

Skills and abilities

Database administrators need to:

Communicate

• Understand spoken information.
• Understand written information.
• Read and understand work-related materials.
• Listen to others and ask questions.
• Speak clearly so listeners can understand.
• Write clearly so other people can understand.

Reason and problem solve

• Notice when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong.
• Follow guidelines to arrange objects or actions in a certain order.
• Use reasoning to discover answers to problems.
• Analyze ideas and use logic to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
• Combine several pieces of information and draw conclusions.
• Recognize the nature of a problem.
• Judge the costs and benefits of a possible action.
• Understand new information or materials by studying and working with them.
• Identify what must be changed to reach goals.
• Recognize when important changes happen or are likely to happen in a system.
• Develop rules that group items in various ways.
• Concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task.
• Think of new ideas about a topic.
• Think of original, unusual, or creative ways to solve problems.
• Make sense of information that seems without meaning or organization.

Use math and science

• Use math skills to solve problems.
• Choose a mathematical method or formula to solve problems.
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide quickly and correctly.

Manage oneself, people, time, and things

• Check how well one is learning or doing something.
• Manage the time of self and others.

Work with people

• Change behavior in relation to others' actions.
• Teach others how to do something.
• Use several methods to learn or teach new things.

Work with things

• Write computer programs.
• Analyze needs and requirements when designing products.
• Watch gauges, dials, and output to make sure a machine is working properly.
• Inspect and evaluate the quality of products.

Perceive and visualize

• Identify a pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in distracting material.
• Quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns.
• Imagine how something will look if it is moved around or its parts are rearranged.

Education and training

Educational programs

The programs of study listed below will help you prepare for the occupation or career cluster you are exploring.

Programs of study directly related to this occupation

• Computer Science
• Computer Systems Analysis
• Computer Systems Networking and Administration
• Database Administration
• Information Science
• Management Information Systems

Other programs of study to consider

• Bioinformatics
• Computer Programming
• Health Records Administration
• Informatics
• Medical Informatics
• Webmaster and Web Management

Training

To work as a database administrator, you typically need to:

• have a high school diploma or equivalent; and
• have a bachelor's degree.

Education after high school

A bachelor's degree is the preferred level of education for this occupation. Many database administrators have their degree in computer science, information science, or management information systems (MIS). A master's in business administration (MBA) paired with computer courses is also a good way to prepare.

Work experience

Some database administrators have related work experience. You can gain experience through computer jobs, learning new skills at each one. Eventually, you have enough knowledge to move into a database administration position.

You should consider participating in an internship while in college. An internship is usually part of a four-year degree program. It offers you a chance to apply what you have learned in the classroom to a work situation. It also allows you to build skills and make contacts with people in the field.

On-the-job training

Some new administrators receive on-the-job training. The length of training varies by employer. In general, administrators receive up to one year of training. During this period you work under the guidance of experienced database administrators. In large companies, you may also get formal classroom training. You receive greater independence and increased responsibility as you gain knowledge and experience.

Because of the fast changing nature of this field, employers often offer training in the newest computer technologies and applications.

Military training

Some branches of the military train people to be computer systems specialists. Training lasts from seven to 13 weeks, depending on your specialty. Additional training occurs on the job.

Helpful high school courses

You should take a general high school curriculum that meets the state's graduation requirements. You will be required to take both math and science classes to graduate.

Helpful electives to take in high school that prepare you for this career include:

• Computer Applications
• Computer Programming
• Computer Science
• Network Technology

The courses listed above are meant to help you create your high school plan. If you have not already done so, talk to a school counselor or parent about the courses you are considering taking.

You should also check with a teacher or counselor to see if work-based learning opportunities are available in your school and community. These might include field trips, job shadowing, internships, and actual work experience. The goal of these activities is to help you connect your school experiences with real-life work.

Join some groups, try some hobbies, or volunteer with an organization that interests you. By participating in activities you can have fun, make new friends, and learn about yourself. Maybe one of them will help direct you to a future career. Here are examples of activities and groups that may be available in your high school or community.

Things to know

Employers prefer applicants who have knowledge of and experience with computer systems. Many employers look for applicants who have a bachelor's degree in computer science or information science. Employers also look for business experience and good communication skills.

Some companies look for people who can use new technologies. In addition to programming or business skills, employers want people who are creative. Some employers look for applicants who can use specific types of hardware and software.

A growing number of database administrators work on a contract or temporary basis. Many work independently or are self-employed as consultants. Companies may hire people with the exact skills they need to carry out a specific project. These projects may last from several months to several years.

Some employers prefer applicants with certification in specific database management applications or operating systems.

Costs to workers

Workers who join a professional organization may have to pay annual dues. Some workers may pay for courses to become certified in specific computer applications or operating systems.

Job listings

Listed below are links to job categories from the National Labor Exchange that relate to this career. Once you get a list of jobs, you can view information about individual jobs and find out how to apply. If your job search finds too many openings, or if you wish to search for jobs outside of Washington, you will need to refine your search.

• Database Administrators 

To get a listing of current jobs from the WorkSource system, go to the WorkSource website .

Wages

Wages vary by the administrator's education and experience. The size and location of the work place also affect wages.

Database administrators usually receive benefits. Typical benefits include sick leave, paid vacation, and health insurance. Many companies also offer a retirement plan.

Employment and outlook

Washington outlook

The table below provides information about the number of workers in this career in various regions. It also provides information about the expected growth rate and future job openings.

National employment

Major employers:

• Computer systems design companies
• Finance and insurance agencies
• Information services companies

National outlook

Demand for this occupation will remain strong. Cloud computing systems allow for offsite database management. This industry will see a very large growth in the number of jobs for database administers. The health care industry will also have large growth.

Database administrators with experience in computer security will be in great demand. Job opportunities should be excellent for workers in this industry. Employers report having difficulty locating new workers in this occupation.

Other resources

Association for Computing Machinery 
1601 Broadway, 10th Floor1
New York, NY 10019-7434
800.342.6626
212.626.0500

Association for Women in Computing - Puget Sound Chapter 
3743 S. 170th Street
Sea-Tac, WA 98188

Computing Research Association 
1828 L Street, NW, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20036-4632

IEEE Computer Society 
2001 L Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20036
202.371.0101

Information Technology Industry Council 
1101 K Street NW, Suite 610
Washington, DC 20005
202.737.8888

Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP) 
244 S Randall Road #116
Elgin, IL 60123
847.299.4227

Technology Student Association 
1904 Association Drive
Reston, VA 20191-1540
888.860.9010

Washington Technology Industry Association 
2200 Alaskan Way, Suite 390
Seattle, WA 98121
206.448.3033

Women in Technology International 

References

Career cluster

• Information Technology

Career path

• Conventional (Business Operations)

O*Net  occupation

• Database Administrators (15-1141.00) 

O*Net job zone 

• Job Zone 4 - Considerable preparation needed. A minimum of two to four years of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations.

DOT occupations

• Data Base Administrator (039.162-010) 
• Data Base Design Analyst (039.162-014) 
• Information Scientist (109.067-010) 

Holland occupational cluster

• Conventional/Investigative/Enterprising

COPSystem

• Science Professional