abstract

Examples of abstract in the following topics:

• Abstract

• MLA: Abstract

• APA: Abstract

• MLA: Abstract

• Chicago/Turabian: Abstract

• Chicago/Turabian: Abstract

• APA: Abstract

  • An APA abstract should summarize your entire paper and should be formatted according to the APA style guide.
  • Your abstract should appear by itself on page 2 of your paper.
  • Your abstract should be no more than 250 words and should summarize your entire paper, from literature review to discussion.
  • The abstract itself should start on the following line.
  • This is an example of an abstract properly formatted in APA style.

• Abstract

  • The abstract of a scientific paper is often the only part that the reader sees.
  • A well-written abstract encapsulates the content and tone of the entire paper.
  • Since abstracts are brief (generally 300–500 words), they do not always allow for the full IMRAD structure.
  • A specialized audience may read further if they are interested, and the abstract is your opportunity to convince them to read the rest.
  • Hence abstracts should be written with a non-specialized audience (or a very busy specialized audience) in mind.

• Saying Why It Matters

  • There are two main places where you will set up the stakes of your argument: the abstract and the introduction.
  • Most scientific journals require abstracts, and publish them at the beginning of the paper.
  • Many more people will read a paper's abstract than the paper itself, so make sure your summary is compelling in its own right .
  • If the abstract has convinced a reader that your paper is worth his or her time, you need to keep their interest by expanding the claims you introduced in the abstract.
  • When others search for your paper, the first thing they will read is your abstract.

• Precision

  • You can increase the clarity of your writing by using concrete, specific words rather than abstract, general ones.