Winter War

Examples of Winter War in the following topics:

• The Pequot War

  • The Pequot War was the first war between Native Americans and English settlers in northeastern America and foreshadowed European domination.
  • Mystic, or Missituk, was the site of the major battle of the war.
  • The story of the Pequot War is a key element in colonial history.
  • That winter, the Pequot sent war belts to many surrounding tribes.
  • Many of Sassacus's tribesmen were captured during the war.

• The Widening War at Home

  • During the winter and spring of 1967, protests on many campuses became increasingly militant.
  • Leaders of anti-war movements were elected to student government at a few schools.
  • The fall of 1967 saw further escalation of the anti-war actions of the New Left.
  • A coordinated series of demonstrations against the draft led by members of the Resistance, the War Resisters League, and SDS further galvanized anti-war sentiment.
  • Opinion polls showed a steady decline in support for the war after 1965.

• The Revolutionary Army at Valley Forge

  • By winter’s end, 2,500 men died as a result of the harsh conditions.
  • By the end of winter, approximately 700 horses had died.
  • Approximately 500 women spent the winter at Valley Forge.
  • These women gained half the rations and wages of a soldier, as well as a half pension after the war.
  • Washington's troops endured harsh conditions at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78.

• Ranchers, Cowboys, and Cattle

  • They were then rounded up in the fall, with the mature animals driven to market and the breeding stock brought close to the ranch headquarters for greater protection in the winter.
  • Famous range wars included the Lincoln County War, the Pleasant Valley War, the Mason County War, and the Johnson County Range War, and sometimes were fought between local residents and gunmen hired by absentee landowners.
  • The Pleasant Valley War was one of the deadliest and well-known range wars.
  • In the north, overgrazing stressed the open range, leading to insufficient winter forage for the cattle and starvation.
  • This was particularly true during the harsh winter of 1886–1887, when hundreds of thousands of cattle died across the Northwest, leading to a collapse of the cattle industry.

• The American Military Forces

  • Standard conditions for the Continental Army included low pay, hard work, freezing winters, hot summers, poor clothing and shelter, little food, harsh discipline, and a strong likelihood of becoming a casualty.
  • Early in the war, rising patriotism contributed to high rates of enlistment.
  • High turnover was a consistent issue, particularly in the winter of 1776-77.
  • In 1777, enlistment terms were extended to three years or "the length of the war".
  • Following the war, Congress dissolved the navy due to lack of funds.

• Washington's Escape from New York

  • The British held New York for the rest of the war, using it as a base for expeditions against other targets .
  • With the campaign at an apparent conclusion for the season, the British established a chain of outposts and entered winter quarters.
  • Washington entered winter quarters at Morristown, having retaken most of the state from the British.
  • The areas around New York City in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut were an ongoing battleground for the rest of the war.
  • Analyze the significance of the fighting between British and American forces in and around New York in the winter of 1776-7

• The Forage War

  • The Forage War consisted of numerous small skirmishes between British and Continental forces that took place in New Jersey in early 1777.
  • The Forage War was a partisan campaign consisting of numerous small skirmishes that took place in New Jersey in early 1777, following the battles of Trenton and Princeton.
  • The resulting concentration of troops overflowed the available housing, leading to low morale and an increase in camp-related illnesses throughout the winter.
  • This is a detail from an 1806 map showing the area where many of the skirmishes of the Forage War took place.
  • Describe the series of small skirmishes in early 1777 known as the Forage War

• European Wars in the Colonies

  • The war was largely subsumed by the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742.
  • Britain and France fought four wars that became known as the French and Indian Wars—followed in 1778 with another war when France joined the Americans in the American Revolution.
  • Having to reckon with Quebec's formidable natural defenses, its superior number of soldiers, and the coming of winter, Phips sailed back to Boston with his hungry, smallpox-ridden, and demoralized force.
  • Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second war for control of the continent and was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe.
  • The final imperial war, the French and Indian War (1754–1763), known as the Seven Years’ War in Europe, proved to be the decisive contest between Britain and France in America.

• Union Victories in the Western Theater

  • The Western Theater of the Civil War included the area east of the Mississippi River and west of the Appalachian Mountains.
  • Abraham Lincoln believed that the river fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was a key to winning the war.
  • For the rest of the winter, Grant attempted five unsuccessful separate projects to reach the city by moving through or reengineering, rivers, canals, and bayous to the north of Vicksburg.
  • So after movement became possible on dirt roads that were finally drying from the winter rains, Grant moved the bulk of his army down the western bank of the Mississippi.
  • Map of the Savannah Campaign (Sherman's March to the Sea) of the American Civil War.

• Blitzkrieg

  • Blitzkrieg refers to German tactical and operational strategies in the first half of the second World War.
  • The Germans conquered large areas of the Soviet Union but their failure to destroy the Red Army before the winter of 1941 was a strategic failure that made German tactical superiority and territorial gains irrelevant.
  • In the summer of 1942, Germany launched another offensive in the southern USSR against Stalingrad and the Caucasus, the Soviets again lost tremendous amounts of territory, only to counter-attack once more during winter.
  • Historians disagree over when the blitzkrieg phase of World War II in Europe ended.
  • Although effective in the early periods of the war, blitzkrieg strategy could not sustained by Germany in later years.