Republic of Texas

Examples of Republic of Texas in the following topics:

• The Mexican Borderlands

  • Mexico and the Republic of Texas engaged in an ongoing border dispute for several years that eventually led to the Mexican-American War.
  • In 1845, the United States of America annexed the Republic of Texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state.
  • There was an ongoing border dispute between the Republic of Texas and Mexico prior to annexation.
  • Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to garrison the southern border of Texas, as defined by the former Republic.
  • The Republic of Texas never controlled what is now New Mexico.

• Annexing Texas

  • After a series of skirmishes with Mexico, the Republic of Texas won independence in 1836 and was annexed into the United States in 1845.
  • Fifty-five delegates from the Anglo-American settlements in Texas gathered in 1831 with demands including creation of an independent state of Texas separate from Coahuila.
  • Sam Houston became the first president of the Republic of Texas, elected on a platform that favored annexation to the United States.
  • Texas had no choice but to organize itself as the independent Lone Star Republic.
  • Lamar, an opponent of annexation, as president of Texas in 1838, Texas withdrew its offer.

• Tyler and Texas

  • John Tyler's presidency was marked by a series of moves favoring American expansionism, including the annexation of Texas.
  • President Tyler entered negotiations with the Republic of Texas for an annexation treaty, which he submitted to the Senate.
  • Prior to annexation there was an ongoing border dispute between the Republic of Texas and Mexico.
  • President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to garrison the southern border of Texas, as defined by the former Republic.
  • The Republic of Texas never controlled what is now New Mexico, and the failed Texas Santa Fe Expedition of 1841 was its only attempt to take that territory.

• The Breakdown of Sectional Balance

  • The Mexican–American War was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846-1848 (following the U.S. annexation of Texas), which ended in U.S. victory.
  • In 1836, a group of American-born Texans led a revolution against Santa Ana's Mexican government and declared Texas an "independent republic," while simultaneously applying to the United States for annexation.Mexico, torn apart by civil war, refused to recognize Texan independence and threatened war with the United States if annexation occurred.
  • Outnumbered militarily and with many of its large cities occupied by the American troops, Mexico surrendered in 1848.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848; it ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, established the U.S.
  • -Mexican border of the Rio Grande River, and ceded the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico; most of Arizona and Colorado; and parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming to the United States.In return, Mexico received $18,250,000, and the U.S. agreed to assume $3.25 million in debts that the Mexican government owed to U.S. citizens.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a source of controversy among U.S.
  • Mexico's cession of Alta California and Nuevo México and its recognition of U.S. sovereignty over all of Texas north of the Rio Grande formalized the addition of 1.2 million square miles of territory to the United States, with a final territorial adjustment between Mexico and the U.S. made with the Gadsden Purchase in 1853.

• The Mexican–American War, 1846–1848

  • After the United States annexed Texas in 1845, border disputes led to war with Mexico in 1846.
  • It occurred in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution in which the Republic of Texas claimed its independence.
  • The border of Texas as an independent state had never been settled.
  • The Republic of Texas claimed land up to the Rio Grande, based on the Treaties of Velasco.
  • The republic was in existence scarcely more than a week before the U.S.

• The Politics of Expansion

  • Americans asserted the right to colonize vast expanses of North America beyond their country's borders, especially into Oregon, California, and Texas.
  • American annexation of the Republic of Texas in 1845 was unacceptable to Mexico and led to the Mexican-American War.
  • After three years of fighting, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848.
  • Texas and Florida were admitted as slave states in 1845, and California was added as a free state in 1850.
  • Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way by Emanuel Luetze

• Land Policy

  • Led by a large community of American settlers, Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1842 and became a republic.
  • The Republic of Texas sought U.S. annexation, despite Mexico's threat to go to war with the United States.
  • Congress approved the annexation of Texas in 1845, and Texas became the 28th state, which resulted in war with Mexico until 1847.
  • In the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848, the Mexican government acknowledged the loss of Texas and New Mexico and agreed to most of the present-day boundaries between the United States and Mexico, except for the Gadsen Purchase.
  • Name several key territorial acquisitions in the early history of the American republic

• Conclusion: The Effects of Westward Expansion

  • Rooted in the idea of manifest destiny, the United States considered it a God-given right and duty to gain control of the continent and spread the benefits of its “superior” culture.
  • In the mid-19th century, the quest for control of the West led to the annexation of Texas and the Mexican–American War.
  • After overseeing the final details regarding the annexation of Texas from Mexico, Polk negotiated a peaceful settlement with Britain regarding ownership of the Oregon Country, which delivered to the United States what are now Washington and Oregon.
  • Efforts to seize western territories from native peoples and expand the republic by warring with Mexico succeeded beyond expectations; few nations had ever expanded so quickly.
  • Compromise became nearly impossible and antagonistic sectional rivalries replaced the idea of a unified, democratic republic.

• Theodore Roosevelt and Race

  • Theodore Roosevelt's treatment of the Brownsville Affair, in which 167 African American soldiers were wrongfully discharged from the Army, caused the black community to turn away from the Republic president they had once supported.
  • For Roosevelt, President from 1901–1909, the Brownsville Affair in particular aroused criticism of his treatment of African Americans.
  • Also known as the Brownsville Raid, the Brownsville Affair arose from tensions between black soldiers and white citizens in Brownsville, Texas, in 1906.
  • Cohen, whom he named register of the federal land office.
  • Describe the effect of Theodore Roosevelt's treatment of the Brownsville Affair

• Cleveland and the Special Interests

  • When Congress, pressured by the Grand Army of the Republic passed a bill granting pensions for disabilities not caused by military service, Cleveland also vetoed that.
  • In 1887, Cleveland issued the Texas Seed Bill.
  • After a drought ruined crops in several Texas counties, Congress appropriated $10,000 to purchase seed grain for farmers.Cleveland vetoed the expenditure, espousing his theory of limited government:
  • Federal aid in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of the government and weakens the sturdiness of our national character. "
  • Cleveland dropped all talk of reinstating the Queen, and went on to recognize and maintain diplomatic relations with the new Republic of Hawaii.