National Recovery Administration

(noun)

A New Deal agency responsible for industrial recovery and industrial labor protection. 

Related Terms

Examples of National Recovery Administration in the following topics:

  • Industrial Recovery

    • The National Recovery Administration (NRA), which was one of the outcomes of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), was the main New Deal agency focused on industrial recovery.
    • Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) only three months after he took over the office (June 1933).
    • It aimed "to encourage national industrial recovery, to foster fair competition, and to provide for the construction of certain useful public works."
    • At the center of NIRA was the National Recovery Administration (NRA), headed by Hugh S.
    • Between 4,000 and 5,000 business practices were prohibited, some 3,000 administrative orders running to over 10,000 pages promulgated, and thousands of opinions and guides from national, regional, and local code boards interpreted and enforced the Act.

  • Resistance to Business Reform

    • The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), signed into law in June 1933, proposed comprehensive reforms to boost industrial recovery.  
    • It also established the Public Works Administration, an agency responsible for creating jobs through public works projects.
    • The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was founded to implement NIRA.
    • The act also created the National Labor Relations Board (not to confuse with the National Labor Board created under NRA!)
    • Contrast opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act with opposition to the National Labor Relations Act

  • Challenges to the New Deal

    • Unlike his predecessor, Roosevelt proposed sweeping reform, recovery, and relief programs at the time when hope and optimism were scarce.
    • Although many First New Deal (1933-1934/5) policies were controversial and triggered criticism among representatives of business, politics, labor, and experts, they demonstrated that the new administration took immediate action, which most agreed was necessary.
    • While the League's members were divided over the National Recovery Administration, they fervently criticized the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (calling it "a trend toward Fascist control of agriculture") and Social Security (which they saw a marking "the end of democracy").
    • The League's lawyers also challenged the 1936 National Labor Relations Act but the Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality.
    • In the national election, more conservative candidates won seats in Congress with Republicans recording substantial gain in both House and Senate.

  • Launching the New Deal

    • A popular narrative presents the New Deal as a series of programs that responded to the Great Depression with "3 Rs:" relief, recovery, and reform.
    • Recovery meant bringing the economy back to the level of stability and prosperity.
    • The creation of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933).
    • National Recovery Administration (1933) allowed industries to create codes that would regulate and curb unfair competition.
    • The National Labor Relations Act (1933; known also as the Wagner Act), which established the National Labor Relations Board (1935).

  • Competing Solutions

    • The creation of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933).
    • National Recovery Administration (1933) allowed industries to create codes that would regulate and curb unfair competition.
    • The program was replaced by the Works Progress Administration in 1935.
    • The National Labor Relations Act (1933), which established the National Labor Relations Board (1935).
    • Photograph of Works Progress Administration Worker Receiving Paycheck, Records of the Work Projects Administration, National Archives

  • Neglected Americans and the New Deal

    • The 1933 National Recovery Administration, the main First New Deal agency responsible for industrial recovery, had hardly anything to offer to African Americans as National Industrial Recovery Act's (NIRA) provisions covered the industries, from which black workers were usually excluded.
    • Black workers participated in all the major programs that created employment, including the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public Works Administration, and the Works Progress Administration.  
    • Under the provisions of the latter, the youth coming from the families that had at least one member working for WPA also received support that allowed them to continue high school or college education (program known as the National Youth Administration).  
    • Nationally, two sectors relied heavily on female labor force: agriculture and domestic service.
    • The 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act, the 1935 National Labor Relations Act, and the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act all excluded agricultural and domestic workers.

  • Relief Measures

    • The "First 100 Days" was a period of productive activity for the new Roosevelt administration.
    • They also included the continuation of Hoover's major relief program for the unemployed under a new name, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
    • The National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) gave Roosevelt broad powers to regulate industry and launch public works projects.
    • Pursuant to the latter goal, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a public works construction agency.
    • Identify some of the relief measures instituted by the Roosevelt Administration

  • The Second New Deal

    • In 1935, the Roosevelt administration unveiled legislation that would be known as the Second New Deal.
    • The National Labor Relations Act revived and strengthened the protections of collective bargaining in the original National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).
    • The Act also established the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to facilitate wage agreements.
    • Roosevelt nationalized unemployment relief through the Works Progress Administration (WPA), headed by Harry Hopkins .
    • The National Youth Administration was a semi-autonomous WPA program for youth.

  • Relief and Conservation Programs

    • In 1933, Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act, giving Roosevelt broader powers to intervene in the economy and establish public works projects.
    • They also built an infrastructure, much of which remains in use today, and which helped restore national and local pride during the difficult 1930s.
    • The Roosevelt administration oversaw the creation of the Resettlement Administration (RA) and the Rural Electrification Administration (REA).
    • The Public Works projects provided relief for the unemployed while upgrading the nation's infrastructure.
    • Identify the methods used by the Roosevelt administration to provide relief during the Depression

  • Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval During the Transition to Peace

    • The nation needed to turn from a wartime climate to domestic peace following the war.
    • Combined with a major recession, labor strikes and social upheaval including race riots, this became a difficult time for the nation.
    • In many countries, especially those in North America, growth was continual during the war as nations mobilized their economies.
    • In the United States, 1918–1919 included a modest economic retreat, but the next year saw a mild recovery.
    • The public was so anti-labor union that in 1922, the Harding administration was able to procure a court injunction to destroy a railroad strike of about 400,000 workers.