Lower Counties

Examples of Lower Counties in the following topics:

• Pennsylvania and Delaware

  • Between 1669 and 1672, Delaware was an incorporated county under the Province of Maryland.
  • From 1682 until 1776, it was part of the Penn proprietorship and was known as the Lower Counties.
  • In 1701, it gained a separate assembly from the three upper counties but continued to have the same governor as the rest of Pennsylvania.

• Range Wars

  • Famous range wars included the Lincoln County War, the Pleasant Valley War, the Mason County War, and the Johnson County Range War.
  • The Lincoln County Range War arose between two factions over the control of dry goods trade in the county.
  • Meanwhile, young newcomers to the county, John Tunstall and Alexander McSween, opened a competing store in 1876.
  • The Mason County War (1875–1876) was a cattle rustling dispute between German-American settlers and the non-German ranchers in Mason County, Texas.
  • The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder River and the Wyoming Range War, was a range war that took place in Johnson, Natrona and Converse County, Wyoming in April 1892.

• Colonial Government

  • For instance, elected bodies, specifically the assemblies and county governments, directly determined the development of a wide range of public and private business.
  • When the county court was in session, Anglo-American men traveled for miles to serve as witnesses and jurors.
  • Massachusetts also had a strong populist faction that typically represented the province's lower classes.

• Settling the Colonial South and the Chesapeake

  • From Long Island, about two-thirds of which is shown, south to Craven County, Carolina, countless towns and cities are identified.
  • In Virginia and Carolina the river systems are surprisingly well mapped and a primitive county structure is beginning to emerge.
  • The early Virginia counties of Rappahannock, Henrico, City, Isle of Wright, Nansemond, Northumberland, Middlesex, Gloster and Corotvk are noted.
  • Similarly in Carolina a number of counties are named, most of which refer to the Lords Proprietors, including Albemarle, Clarenden, and Craven.
  • The lower right quadrant of this map is occupied by a fabulous decorative title cartouche.

• Energy and Environmental Reform

  • When oil exports were later resumed under the new regime, they were inconsistent and at a lower volume, pushing prices up.
  • Graph of Top Oil Producing Counties, showing drop in Iran's production

• The Election of 1920

  • Rather than follow the wishes of so-called Wilsonians, who wanted the election to be a “referendum on the League of Nations,” Cox instead focused on domestic issues including a fight against unemployment and inflation through his proposals to lower income tax and tax business profits.
  • The Democratic Party vote total was almost exactly as in 1916 and Democrats took only 1,100 counties in the nation, but the Republican Party vote nearly doubled and nearly two-thirds of counties were carried by Republican candidates.

• Land and Liberty

  • In the colonies, a very wide range of public and private business was decided by elected bodies, especially the assemblies and county governments in each colony.
  • Elected representatives learned to listen to these interests because 90% of the men in the lower houses lived in their districts, unlike in England where it was common to have a member of Parliament and absentee member of Parliament.
  • Massachusetts, which from its 1691 charter had particularly low requirements for voting eligibility and strong rural representation in its assembly, also had a strong populist faction that represented the province's lower classes.

• From Roosevelt to Taft

  • Forty-six states participated in the election, as Oklahoma had joined the Union less than a year before, and Bryan won 48 counties there.
  • The most important increase in number of counties carried by Bryan was in the West South Central section - this was in part due to the vote of newly admitted Oklahoma.
  • Bryan carried more counties than he had in 1900, but he did not reach or surpass the number of counties he had won in 1896.
  • Compared with his strength in previous elections, Bryan carried 69 counties in 1908 which had not been Democratic in either 1896 or 1900.

• Ranchers, Cowboys, and Cattle

  • Famous range wars included the Lincoln County War, the Pleasant Valley War, the Mason County War, and the Johnson County Range War, sometimes fought between local residents and gunmen hired by absentee landowners.
  • Pleasant Valley is located in Gila County, Arizona, but many of the events related to this feud took place in neighboring Apache and Navajo counties.
  • The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder River and the Wyoming Range War, was a series of range conflicts that took place in Johnson, Wyoming between 1889 and 1893.
  • As tensions swelled between the large established ranchers and the smaller settlers in the state, violence finally culminated in Powder River Country, when the former hired armed gunmen to invade the county and wipe out the competition.

• Conclusion: The Successes and Failures of Progressivism

  • Henceforth, the spoils system survived much longer in many states, counties and municipalities, such as the Tammany Hall ring, which survived well into the 1930s when New York City reformed its own civil service.
  • In practice, the services and facilities reserved for African-Americans were almost always of lower quality than those reserved for whites; for example, most African-American schools received less public funding per student than nearby white schools.