initiative

Examples of initiative in the following topics:

• Progressive Government: City and State

  • Also, reforms were made to give voters more say in government, among these were the initiative, referendum, and recall .
  • Initiatives allowed citizens to introduce legislative proposals at the state or local level through petitions that required political bodies to address areas of concern, or placed issues directly on the ballot.
  • Map showing which states have initiatives, referenda, and which states don't.
  • Blue: Has both initiatives and referendums Yellow: Initiative constitutional amendments only Green: Referendums only Red: Has neither initiatives nor referendums.

• Democracy

  • An initiative (also known as a "popular" or "citizens'" initiative) is a means by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote (plebiscite).
  • The initiative may take the form of a direct initiative or an indirect initiative.
  • In a direct initiative, a measure is put directly to a vote after being submitted by a petition.
  • Recalls are initiated when sufficient voters sign a petition.
  • The goals of his policy included establishing the recall, referendum, direct primary, and initiative.

• Launching the New Deal

  • Berle, Jr. - formed Roosevelt's "Brain Trust" and greatly contributed to FDR's initial response to the Great Depression.
  • The initiative helped to rebuild trust in the U.S. banking system.
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created local and state government mostly unskilled jobs.
  • The initiative combined conservation effort with creating jobs.
  • Although this list is not complete, it gives an idea of what kind of initiatives fall under the umbrella of the First New Deal.

• Congressional Initiatives

  • Hoover attempted to counter the effects of the Depression through various Congressional initiatives, including public works and tax reforms.
  • The plan initially seemed to work as the rate of foreclosures dropped; however by many it was seen as too little, too late.
  • The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was an independent agency of the United States government, whose initial goal was to provide government-secured loans to financial institutions, railroads, and farmers.

• Progressives and the Working Class

  • Reformers worked to improve workers' lives, implementing measures such as the initiative, referendum, and recall.
  • Three practices were developed to accomplish this: the referendum, the initiative, and the recall.
  • The initiative permitted voters to petition and force the legislature to vote on a certain bill.

• Competing Solutions

  • All these initiatives suggest that Hoover believed the economic crisis to be a temporary downturn.
  • Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression not only contrasted with his campaign rhetoric but also built upon some of the initiatives introduced by Hoover.
  • The initiative helped to rebuild trust in the U.S. banking system.
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA; initiated by Hoover) created government, mostly unskilled jobs.
  • The initiative combined conservation effort with creating employment.

• Clinton and Domestic Policy

  • President Bill Clinton announced One America in the 21st Century: the President's Initiative on Race.
  • This initiative, established with Executive Order 13050, was a critical element in President Clinton's effort to prepare his country to embrace diversity.
  • President Clinton introduced the initiative during his commencement speech to the graduating class of the University of California, San Diego.
  • President Clinton identified three imperatives for the initiative to focus on: expanding opportunity, demanding responsibility, and creating "one American community" based on respect and shared values.
  • The One America Initiative addressed race and diversity in schools; one of the model counties of diversity in schools was Fairfax County, Virginia, one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse school districts in the country.

• Gridlock in Government

  • Republican President Bush faced opposition for many of his initiatives by the Democratic Congress, resulting in a gridlocked government.
  • Bush faced opposition for many of his initiatives during his first two years of administration, leading to a "gridlocked government".

• The Setbacks in the Atlantic

  • Although German naval strategy was initially successful, it faced challenges due to flaws in the U-Boat technology.
  • After this initial burst of activity, the Atlantic campaign quieted down.
  • Discuss the initial Allied setbacks in the Atlantic, including Churchill's failed "offensive" strategy.

• Opposition from the Courts

  • The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 was an initiative proposed by President Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S.
  • The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, frequently called the "court-packing plan," was a legislative initiative proposed by President Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S.
  • Compounding matters, Roosevelt's Solicitor General, James Crawford Biggs, proved to be an ineffective advocate for the legislative initiatives of the New Deal.