Examples of free trade in the following topics:
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- The relative costs, benefits, and beneficiaries of free trade are debated by academics, governments, and interest groups.
- However, many in the United States oppose free trade for a variety of reasons.
- Free trade is often opposed by domestic industries that would have their profits and market share reduced by lower prices for imported goods.
- Proponents of socialism frequently oppose free trade on the ground that it allows maximum exploitation of workers by capital: the process of free trade is seen as an end-run around workers' rights and laws that protect individual liberty.
- The idea of free trade is opposed by many anti-globalization groups, based on the assertion that free trade agreements generally do not increase the economic freedom of the poor or the working class, and frequently make the poor even poorer.
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- Artisanal trades began to give way to more efficient systems of production that did not require skilled labor.
- Image of an old advertisement from Sutton & Co., with the words "Free Trade" across the front.
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- Globalization refers to the process of international integration with regards to both culture and trade.
- One of the earliest institutions was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which initially led to a series of agreements to remove trade restrictions.
- GATT's successor was the World Trade Organization (WTO), which provided a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements and a dispute resolution process.
- Other institutions, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), have been facilitated by advances in technology, which have reduced the costs of trade and trade negotiation rounds, originally under the auspices of the GATT.
- Other bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, including sections of Europe's Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), have also been signed in pursuit of the goal of reducing tariffs and barriers to trade.
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- In his 1796 Farewell Address to the American people, Washington gave his final thoughts on foreign policy, trade, and national unions.
- Leaders, therefore, needed to be free of foreign entanglements to make decisions based upon the needs of their constituents rather than those of their European allies.
- Free trade with all nations would instead establish the links needed to maintain friendly relationships with foreign nations, and this trade would reinforce the world economic system.
- By remaining isolated from foreign conflicts, the United States would therefore be free to develop its own economy and expand within its own borders.
- Federalists lauded the Farewell Address as an attack on Democratic-Republicans, while Jeffersonians drew upon Washington's support of western expansion with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and used the Farewell Address to justify the trade embargo against Great Britain in 1806.
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- Supporters of Free Silver were called "Silverites".
- Everyone agreed that free silver would raise prices.
- Essentially, anyone who possessed uncoined gold, such as successful prospectors, could bring it to one of the United States Mints and trade it for its equivalent in gold coins.
- Outside the mining states of the West, the Republican Party steadfastly opposed Free Silver, arguing that the best road to national prosperity was "sound money," or gold, which was central to international trade.
- A financial panic in the United Kingdom and a drop in trade in Europe caused foreign investors to sell American stocks to obtain American funds backed by gold.
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- Despite their rising numbers, free African Americans in the North faced discrimination and limited opportunity.
- The abolition of the international slave trade in 1808 also increased the demand for domestic slaves.
- By 1819, there were exactly 11 free and 11 slave states, which increased sectionalism in the United States.
- Free African American males enjoyed wider employment opportunities than free African American females, who were largely confined to domestic occupations.
- Dred Scott, born a slave in Virginia in 1795, had been one of the thousands forced to relocate as a result of the massive internal slave trade and taken to the slave state of Missouri.
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- Triangular Trade was a system in which slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
- After the union with Spain, Portugal was prohibited from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier and so ceded control over the trade to the Dutch, British, and French.
- Western Africa (and later, Central Africa) became a prime source for Europeans to acquire enslaved peoples, to meet the desire for free labor in the American colonies, and to produce a steady supply of profitable cash crops.
- The term triangular trade is used to characterize much of the Atlantic trading system from the 16th to early 19th centuries, in which three main commodity-types—labor, crops, and manufactured goods—were traded in three key Atlantic geographic regions.
- Diagram of a slave ship from the Atlantic slave trade.
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- In essence, the Acts forced colonial trade to favor England and prevented colonial trade with the Netherlands, France, and other European countries.
- These Acts formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years.
- The Dutch colony of New Netherland also offered a loophole through intercolonial trade, as settlers in different colonies traded with each other.
- The 1663 revisions required all trade to be carried in English vessels.
- Even more importantly, England conceded to the principle of "free ship, free good" which provided freedom for Dutch ships from molestation by the British Royal Navy on the high seas, even in wars in which the Dutch Republic was neutral.
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- By prohibiting changes to regulation of the slave trade for two decades, Article V effectively protected the trade until 1808.
- While the Constitution protected the slave trade, in the first two decades after the Revolutionary War, state legislatures in both the North and South made decisions to extend freedom to more men, resulting in a dramatic rise in the number of free blacks by 1810 .
- Most states did this in a very gradual process, but by 1840, virtually all blacks in the North were free.
- Free blacks, however, were still subject to racial segregation in the North.
- "Conductors" on the railroad came from various backgrounds and included free-born blacks, white abolitionists, former slaves, and Native Americans.
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- By that time, Virginia's free blacks numbered 30,466, or 7.2% of the total black population.
- By 1810, nearly three-quarters of Delaware's blacks were free.
- They added to the population of free people of color in Charleston, Richmond, and New Orleans.
- Prior to the rebellion, Virginia law had allowed education of slaves to read and write, and the training of slaves in skilled trades.
- The very existence of free blacks challenged the conditions of slave states.