First Indochina War

Examples of First Indochina War in the following topics:

• Indochina: The Background to War

  • The opposition against the French imperial presence, competing factions in Vietnam, and involvements of Western powers, China, and the Soviet Union led to the First Indochina and later Second Indochina Wars.
  • Soon thereafter, the Viet Minh began a guerrilla war against the French Union forces, beginning the First Indochina War.
  • The First Indochina War began in French Indochina on December 19, 1946 and lasted until August 1, 1954.
  • On June 30, 1950, the first U.S. supplies for Indochina were delivered.
  • Summarize the factors leading up to the First and Second Indochina Wars.

• The Eisenhower Administration

  • Eisenhower was a favorite of the New Dealers during the war, especially Franklin D.
  • During his campaign, Eisenhower had promised to end the stalemated Korean War (1950-1953).
  • In 1954, he sent Allen Welsh Dulles as a delegate to the Geneva Conference, which ended the First Indochina War and temporarily partitioned Vietnam into a Communist northern half (under Ho Chi Minh) and a non-Communist southern half (under Ngo Dinh Diem).
  • Regardless, Britain, France, and Israel made war on Egypt and seized the canal.
  • The Soviet Union also later beat the U.S. for the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961.

• Degrees of Neutrality

  • While World War II consumed the globe, a few states were neutral throughout the war, such as Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland .
  • During World War II, these countries took no official side during the war in their hopes to avoid being attacked by the Axis Powers or in becoming involved the aerial attacks of the Axis and Allied Powers.
  • First, Portugal wanted to continue to maintain its alliance with Great Britain as it had for the last six hundred years (that is, supplying troops in times of need and when invaded by a foreign power).
  • After the Japanese incursion into Indochina, the United States embargoed iron, steel and mechanical parts against Japan.
  • Identify the nation states that remained neutral throughout World War II.

• The Military Implementation of Containment

  • The Korean War was the first militarized instance of containment, as U.S. and South Korea fought against communist North Korea.
  • The Korean War was the first militarized instance of containment, as U.S. and South Korea fought against communist North Korea.
  • On June 27, 1950 the United Nations security Council first adopted a ceasefire resolution.
  • The United States agreed to send troops over on June 30 along with increasing aid to the French fight against Communists rebels in Indochina.
  • In the first few weeks of fighting the U.S. troops were pushed back to a defensive perimeter at Pusan.

• Attack on Pearl Harbor

  • In 1937, Japan invaded China, starting what would become known as the Second Sino-Japanese War.  
  • After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the war would merge into the greater conflict of World War II as a major front of what is broadly known as the Pacific War.
  • In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to control supplies reaching China.
  • Following Japanese expansion into Indochina and the fall of France, in July 1941, the U.S. ceased oil exports to Japan.
  • The following day (December 8), the United States declared war on Japan.

• The Strategic Bombing of Europe

  • Despite the German use of strategic bombing in Poland in September 1939, in the first months of the war, the Allies attempted to avoid the strategy in order to minimize civilian causalities.
  • The Royal Air Force (RAF) carried out its first strategic bombing raid on Germany at Mönchengladbach on May 11, 1940.
  • The first true practical demonstrations were on the night of March 28/29, 1942, when 234 aircraft bombed the ancient Hanseatic port of Lübeck.
  • In Asia, the Allies dropped over 18 thousand bombs on Thailand and in August 1942, the United States undertook the first air raids in French Indochina.
  • Much of the doubt about the effectiveness of the bomber war comes from the oft-stated fact German industrial production increased throughout the war.

• Nixon and Foreign Policy

  • The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was first issued by Nixon in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969.
  • First, the United States would keep all of its treaty commitments.
  • Following the North Vietnamese takeover of South Vietnam, a reunited Vietnam subsequently invaded the Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) during the Cambodian-Vietnamese War and fought the Third Indochina War, or the Sino-Vietnamese War, against a Chinese invasion.
  • However, the Arab-Israeli conflict was not a major focus of Nixon's attention during his first term—for one thing, he felt that no matter what he did, American Jews would oppose his reelection, and much of his efforts during his first term were geared toward ensuring his reelection.
  • The term was first applied to describe the efforts of United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, beginning November 5, 1973, which facilitated the cessation of hostilities following the Yom Kippur War.

• War Aims and Strategy

  • During World War II, the Allies formulated a war strategy in a series of high-profile conferences, as well as contact through diplomatic and military channels.
  • The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe, becoming a crucial turning point in the Cold War.
  • The outcome of Yalta focused on the post-war order.
  • The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.
  • The Conference decided on the post-war fate of Indochina, Poland, and Germany.

• The Expanding Axis

  • The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact, Three-way Pact, or Tripartite Treaty, was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II.
  • In the years immediately preceding the U.S. joining World War II, the Axis powers expanded geographically, occupying territories.
  • While Japan sought to expand as well, the war between Japan and China was stalemated by 1940.
  • However, in order to increase pressure on China by blocking supply routes, and to better position Japanese forces in the event of a war with the western powers, Japan seized southern Indochina.
  • Summarize the formation of the Axis Powers of World War II, along with each country's geographic expansion prior to the war.

• Leapfrogging to Tokyo

  • Leapfrogging was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Axis powers (most notably Japan) during World War II.
  • Each of the strategies had its advantaged and was employed in the Pacific War.
  • On December 7, 1941, after failing to resolve a dispute with the United States over Japan's actions in China and French Indochina, the Japanese attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
  • Pacific Fleet's battleships and started a formal state of war between the two nations.
  • Thus, troops on islands which had been bypassed, such as the major base at Rabaul, were useless to the Japanese war effort and left to "wither on the vine."