federalism

Examples of federalism in the following topics:

• The Federal Reserve Act

  • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913.
  • President Wilson secured passage of the Federal Reserve Act in late 1913, as an attempt to carve out a middle ground between conservative Republicans, led by Senator Nelson W.
  • Moreover, Wilson convinced Bryan's supporters that because Federal Reserve notes were issued by the government, the plan met their demands for an elastic currency.
  • Wilson named Paul Warburg and other prominent bankers to direct the Federal Reserve.
  • Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.

• "We the People"

  • The federal government has its own fields of legislation.
  • If federal legislation conflicts with state laws, the federal legislation prevails and the state must defer to the federal government.
  • There are two types of federal systems: dual federalism and cooperative federalism.
  • Under this view of federalism, the federal government only has the powers expressly granted to it, while the states retain all other powers.
  • Thus, no state may interfere with the federal government's operations as though its sovereignty were superior to that of the federal government.

• The Sovereign States

  • The sovereignty of the states as opposed to the power of the federal government has been a longstanding issue in American politics.
  • Although the Constitution expressly delegates to the federal government only some of the usual powers of sovereign governments (such as the powers to declare war and make treaties), all such powers inherently belong to the federal government as the country's representative in the international community.
  • The Court has recognized the federal government's supreme power over those limited matters entrusted to it.
  • Thus, no state may interfere with the federal government's operations as though its sovereignty were superior to that of the federal government; for example, states may not interfere with the federal government's near absolute discretion to sell its own real property even when that real property is located in one or another state.
  • Compare the sovereignty of the states to the power of the federal government

• The Development of Holidays

  • Federal holidays are only established for certain federally chartered and regulated businesses (such as federal banks) and for Washington, D.C.
  • As a result, holidays have not historically been governed at the federal level, and federal law does not govern business activities.
  • The history of federal holidays in the United States dates back to June 28, 1870, when Congress created federal holidays to correspond with holidays already celebrated and observed by the States.
  • Although federal holidays were at first applicable only to federal employees in the District of Columbia, Congress extended coverage in 1885 to all federal employees.
  • George Washington's birthday became a federal holiday in 1880.

• The Last Days of the Federal Presidency: The Midnight Judges

  • As his term was expiring, Adams filled several vacancies in the federal courts with Federalist judges, who could be depended upon to protect Federalist legislation from the ascending Democratic-Republicans.
  • Madison, Justice Marshall defined the Court's judicial power as the authority to judge the actions of the other two federal branches of government—claiming that judicial review was a logical and implicit principle established in the Constitution.
  • Essentially, the decision handed down by Marshall strengthened the power of the federal judiciary and permanently cemented its fundamental role in shaping both state and federal law—expanding the powers of the national government and ensuring a permanent Federalist legacy in the separation of federal powers.
  • Therefore, although Federalist party quietly dissolved in the early nineteenth century, judicial review established an enduring legacy of the Federalist vision of government that continues to guide the federal system.

• National Identity

  • ., the federal government).
  • Similarly, the federal government, as an attribute of sovereignty, has the power to enforce those powers that are granted to it.
  • The Court has recognized the federal government's supreme power over those limited matters entrusted to it.
  • In the American system of government, constitutional law recognizes a federation of state governments separate from (and not subdivisions of) the federal government, each of which is sovereign over its own affairs.
  • In the event of a conflict, a valid federal law prevails.

• Territorial Government

  • The private profit motive dominated the movement westward, but the federal government played a supporting role in securing land.
  • With the war over, the federal government focused on improving the governance of the territories.
  • Federal involvement in the territories was considerable.
  • Territorial citizens came to both decry federal power and local corruption, and at the same time, lament that more federal dollars were not sent their way.
  • Summarize the level of federal involvement in the governance of the West

• Hamilton's Achievements

  • Maryland, which granted the federal government broad freedom to select the best means to execute its constitutionally enumerated powers.
  • This ruling has since been termed the "doctrine of implied powers," in regards to the specified powers of the federal government in the Constitution.
  • Hamilton's economic policies as the Secretary of the Treasury influenced the development of the United States federal government from 1789-1800.
  • His constitutional interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause set precedents for broad federal authority that are still upheld in courts and are considered an authority on constitutional interpretation.
  • A depiction of Hamilton on the $10 bill in contemporary federal currency

• Moving West

  • While the private profit motive dominated the movement westward, it was the Federal government that played a supporting role in securing land and maintaining law and order.
  • Since local governments were often absent or weak, Westerners depended on the federal government to protect them and their rights.
  • The federal government established a sequence of actions related to control over western lands.
  • Next, it ordered federal troops to clear out and subdue the resisting natives.
  • Nonetheless, by the end of the 19th century the federal government amassed great size, power and influence in national affairs.

• Wilsonian Progressivism

  • Included among these were the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Farm Loan Act.
  • Wilson's banking reform was most notably accomplished by the 1913 creation of the Federal Reserve System.
  • Wilson named Paul Warburg and other prominent bankers to direct the Federal Reserve.
  • Despite the fact that the Act intended to diminish the influence of the New York banks, the New York branch continued to dominate the Federal Reserve until the New Deal reorganized and strengthened the Federal Reserve in the 1930s.
  • Despite this, Wilson did much to extend the power of the federal government in social and economic affairs, and paved the way for future federal reform programs such as the New Deal.