ACT UP

Examples of ACT UP in the following topics:

• Wilsonian Progressivism

  • Included among these were the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Farm Loan Act.
  • Contemporaries considered the Revenue Act a political triumph for Wilson.
  • The 1913 Act established the lowest rates since the Walker Tariff of 1857.
  • Congress rejected proposals for a tariff board to scientifically fix rates, but did set up a study commission to monitor them.
  • It was also aided through the passage of the Federal Farm Loan Act, (1916), which set up Farm Loan Banks to support farmers.

• The Tariff

  • The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposed the federal income tax, and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
  • The United States Revenue Act of 1913 (also known as the Tariff Act, Underwood Tariff or Underwood-Simmons Act) re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment.
  • Contemporaries considered the Revenue Act a political triumph for Wilson.
  • The 1913 Act established the lowest rates since the Walker Tariff of 1857.
  • Congress rejected proposals for a tariff board to scientifically fix rates, but did set up a study commission to monitor them.

• Tax Protests

  • The first wave of protests attacked the Stamp Act of 1765, and marked the first time Americans from each of the thirteen colonies met together and planned a common front against illegal taxes.
  • The Parliament attempted a series of taxes and punishments which met more and more resistance, namely the First Quartering Act (1765), the Declaratory Act (1766), the Townshend Revenue Act (1767), and the Tea Act (1773).
  • In response to the Boston Tea Party Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts: the Second Quartering Act (1774), the Quebec Act (1774), the Massachusetts Government Act (1774), the Administration of Justice Act (1774), the Boston Port Act (1774), and the Prohibitory Act (1775).
  • By this point, the 13 colonies had organized themselves into the Continental Congress and began setting up shadow governments and drilling their militia in preparation for war.

• Enforcing the Navigation Acts

  • In some instances, British colonists and foreign merchants subverted the Act; for example in the West Indies, the Dutch kept up a flourishing "smuggling" trade due to the preference of English planters for Dutch goods and the better deal the Dutch offered in the sugar trade.
  • Later revisions of the Act added new regulations.
  • The Acts were in full force for a short time only.
  • On the whole, the Navigation Acts were more or less obeyed by colonists, despite their dissatisfaction, until the Molasses and Sugar Acts.
  • Describe the central stipulations of the Navigation Acts and the Acts' effect on the political and economic situation in the colonies

• The Dawes Act and Indian Land Allotment

  • The Dawes Act, also called General Allotment Act, or Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.
  • The Dawes Act was amended in 1891 and again in 1906 by the Burke Act.
  • The Dawes Act was named for its sponsor, Senator Henry L.
  • The act also provided that the government would purchase Indian land "excess" to that needed for allotment and open it up for settlement by non-Indians.
  • The Dawes Commission, set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created, not to administer the Dawes Act, but to attempt to get the Five Civilized Tribes, which were excluded under the Dawes Act, to agree to an allotment plan.

• American Indian Policy

  • The lands that natives resided on, Nebraska and Kansas territories, ended up being taken from the natives by the government and given to settlers.
  • The Dawes Act was amended in 1891 and again in 1906 by the Burke Act.
  • The Dawes Act was named for its sponsor, Senator Henry L.
  • The act also provided that the government would purchase Indian land "excess" to that needed for allotment and open it up for settlement by non-Indians.
  • The Dawes Commission, set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created, not to administer the Dawes Act, but to attempt to get the Five Civilized Tribes, which were excluded under the Dawes Act, to agree to an allotment plan.

• Conclusion: The Consequences of the British Parliamentary Acts

  • Outrage over the act created a degree of unity among otherwise unconnected American colonists, giving them a chance to act together both politically and socially.
  • Colonists’ joy over the repeal of the Stamp Act did not last long.
  • Like the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts led many colonists to work together against what they perceived to be an unconstitutional measure.
  • The Tea Act of 1773 triggered a reaction with far more significant consequences than either the 1765 Stamp Act or the 1767 Townshend Acts.
  • Image (b) provides a close-up of a one-penny stamp.

• Chinese Exclusion and Chinese Rights

  • The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by Chester A.
  • After being forcibly driven from the mines, most Chinese settled in enclaves in cities, mainly San Francisco, and took up low end wage labor such as restaurant work and laundry just to earn enough to live.
  • The Act also affected Asians who had already settled in the United States.
  • The Scott Act (1888) expanded upon the Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting reentry after leaving the U.S.
  • The Act was renewed for ten years by the 1892 Geary Act , and again with no terminal date in 1902.

• The Calm Before the Storm

  • Parliament passed a new act in 1772 that reduced this refund, effectively leaving a 10% duty on tea imported into Britain.
  • With this new tax burden driving up the price of British tea, sales plummeted.
  • The North ministry's solution was the Tea Act, which received the assent of King George in May of 1773.
  • The Tea Act retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies.
  • However North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax, primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern.

• Swelling Protest

  • Following the Molasses, Sugar, and Quartering Acts, Parliament passed one of the most infamous pieces of legislation: the Stamp Act.
  • After 1765, the major American cities saw the formation of secret groups set up to defend their rights.
  • By November of 1765, a committee was set up in New York to correspond with other colonies, and in December an alliance was formed between groups in New York and Connecticut.
  • The Sons of Liberty knew they also needed to appeal to the masses that made up the lower classes.
  • Samuel Adams was a leader in the colonial opposition of Stamp Act.