Universalism

Examples of Universalism in the following topics:

• Cultural Universals

  • A cultural universal is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures worldwide.
  • The incest taboo is often cited as an example of a cultural universal.
  • Taken together, the whole body of cultural universals is known as the human condition.
  • The concept of a cultural universal has long been discussed in the social sciences.
  • Discuss cultural universals in terms of the various elements of culture, such as norms and beliefs

• Approaches to network positions and social roles

  • The relations that I have with the university (as "Professor") are similar in some ways to the relations that my students have with the university: we are both governed by many of the same rules, practices, and procedures.
  • The relations I have with the university are very different from those of my students in some ways (e.g. the university pays me, students pay the university).
  • " Indeed, why am I examining relations among my students, me, and the university, instead of including, say, members of the state legislature?

• Education and Unequal Treatment in the Classroom

  • By the mid-1800s, several women's colleges had been established, and many were coupled with men's universities as coordinate colleges.
  • In the 1970s and 1980s, some of these coordinate colleges were absorbed into the larger university to create coeducational (coed) universities with both men and women.
  • Despite the integration of men and women in university classrooms, women continue to face gender-based disparities and biases.

• Spencer and Social Darwinism

  • Following Comte, Spencer created a synthetic philosophy that attempted to find a set of rules to explain everything in the universe, including social behavior.
  • But Spencer went beyond Comte, claiming that not only the scientific method, but scientific knowledge itself was universal.
  • It was a universal law, applying to the stars and the galaxies as much as to biological organisms, and to human social organization as much as to the human mind.
  • Following this evolutionary logic, Spencer conceptualized society as a "social organism" that evolved from a simpler state to a more complex one, according to the universal law of evolution.
  • This social evolution, he argued, exemplifed the universal evolutionary process from simple, undifferentiated homogeneity to complex, differentiated heterogeneity.

• The Sacred and the Profane

  • Durkheim's claim of the universality of this dichotomy for all religions/cults has been criticized by scholars such as British anthropologist Jack Goody.
  • Goody also noted that "many societies have no words that translate as sacred or profane and that ultimately, just like the distinction between natural and supernatural, it was very much a product of European religious thought rather than a universally applicable criterion."

• Bibliography

  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cambridge: Cambridge University

• Religious Symbols

  • Universalism refers to religious, theological and philosophical concepts with universal application or applicability.
  • Religion in this context is defined as a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature and purpose of the universe.

• Levinson

  • He was born in New York City on May 28, 1920, and completed his dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1947.
  • In 1950, he moved to Harvard University.
  • From 1966 to 1990, he was a professor of psychology at the Yale University School of Medicine.

• Affirmative Action

  • In the United States, affirmative action refers to equal opportunity employment measures that Federal contractors and subcontractors such as public universities and government agencies are legally required to adopt.
  • Further impetus is a desire to ensure that public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.
  • In the US, a prominent form of affirmative action centers on access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of higher education.
  • Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are sometimes taken into account when assessing the meaning of an applicant's grades and test scores.
  • Regents that public universities (and other government institutions) could not set specific numerical targets based on race for admissions or employment.

• Transitional Adulthood

  • In many universities of Europe, South America and India, first year students are made to undergo tests or humiliation before being accepted as students.
  • Perhaps the oldest of these is "Raisin Monday," which is still ongoing is at the University of St.
  • A senior student will take a new student and show him or her around the university.
  • Universities in Chile follow an annual ritual called "Mechoneo" (the act of pulling somebody's hair).
  • Some universities have traditional ways of initiating freshmen.