Examples of Testing Bias in the following topics:
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- A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner.
- A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent manner.
- They are designed so that the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are purportedly without bias.
- Finally, critics have expressed concern that standardized tests may create testing bias.
- Testing bias occurs when a test systematically favors one group over another, even though both groups are equal on the trait the test measures.
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- In 1966, the Coleman Report launched a debate about "school effects," desegregation and busing, and cultural bias in standardized tests.
- It also helped define debates over desegregation, busing, and cultural bias in standardized tests.
- The Coleman Report also fed the debate over the validity of standardized testing.
- Importantly, though, the report pointed out that the tests administered in these schools were not measuring intelligence, but rather an ability to learn and perform in the American environment.
- The report states: "These tests do not measure intelligence, nor attitudes, nor qualities of character.
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- Gender-based achievement gaps suggest the existence of gender bias in the classroom.
- Teachers may reinforce gender bias simply by drawing distinctions between boys and girls.
- Although girls tend to stay in school longer, have better attendance records, and earn better report card grades, boys outscore girls on most high-stakes tests, including both the math and verbal sections of the SAT.
- Men also outscore women on standardized tests for graduate school, law school, and medical school.
- If test score gaps are evidence of gender bias, where does that gender bias come from?
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- In an experiment testing out-group homogeneity, researchers revealed that people of other races do seem to look more alike than members of one's own race.
- People tend to hold positive attitudes towards members of their own groups, a phenomenon known as in-group bias.
- A key notion in understanding in-group/out-group biases is determining the psychological mechanism that drives the bias.
- Intergroup aggression is a by product of in-group bias, in that if the beliefs of the in-group are challenged or if the in-group feels threatened, then they will express aggression toward the out-group.
- Thus, out-group stereotypicality judgments are overestimated, supporting the view that out-group stereotypes are over-generalizations In an experiment testing out-group homogeneity, researchers revealed that people of other races are perceived to look more alike than members of one's own race.
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- One common error that results is selection bias—when the procedures used to select a sample result in over- or under-representation of some significant aspect of the population.
- A test’s reliability can be measured a few ways.
- First, one can calculate a test-retest reliability.
- A test-retest reliability entails conducting the same questionnaire to a large sample at two different times.
- For the questionnaire to be considered reliable, people in the sample do not have to score identically on each test, but rather their position in the score distribution should be similar for both the test and the retest.
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- Media bias refers the bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media.
- Bias exists in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered.
- The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article.
- The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed .
- The apparent bias of media is not always specifically political in nature.
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- Usually the bias targets specific, easily stereotyped and generalizable attributes, such as race, gender, nationality, sexual orientation and age.
- This disparity include standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates and college enrollment and/or completion rates.
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- One popular definition of alternative medicine is provided by Richard Dawkins, an Oxford biologist: "that set of practices that cannot be tested, refuse to be tested or consistently fail tests."
- Lack of Western Science approved testing.
- Testing and studies.
- The western scientific community argues that many studies carried out by alternative medicine promoters are flawed, as they often use testimonials and hearsay as evidence, leaving the results open to observer bias.
- They argue that the only way to counter observer bias is to run a double-blind experiment in which neither the patient nor the practitioner knows whether the real treatment is being given or if a placebo has been administered.
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- In tests involving groups of three or fewer, everyone in the group took action as opposed to groups of over ten where in almost every test, no one took action.
- This bias is commonly present in a group setting where one thinks the collective opinion of their own group matches that of the larger population.
- Illusory superiority is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate the degree to which they possess desirable qualities, relative to others, or underestimate their negative qualities relative to others.
- People who succumb to the illusory superiority bias have inflated views of their own characteristics.
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- Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are sometimes taken into account when assessing the meaning of an applicant's grades and test scores.
- Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, who established the concept of affirmative action by mandating that projects financed with federal funds "take affirmative action" to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias.