Examples of Social Reproduction Theory in the following topics:
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- Conflict theorists argue that the democratic mission of education has failed because it has reproduced social and economic inequalities.
- Students who work hard in school should be able to land good jobs and advance themselves, climbing the latter to social and economic success.
- Conflict theorists believe that educational institutions operate as mechanisms for the social reproduction of inequality.
- Inequality is continually socially reproduced because the whole education system is overlain with a dominant group's ideology.
- According to conflict theorists, this myth obscures an important social fact—the individual failures of many students can be explained by large-scale social forces.
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- Symbolic interactionists view the family as a site of social reproduction where meanings are negotiated and maintained by family members.
- Symbolic interactionism is a social theory that focuses on the analysis of patterns of communication, interpretation, and adjustment between individuals in relation to the meanings of symbols.
- According to the theory, an individual's verbal and nonverbal responses are constructed in expectation of how the initial speaker will react.
- In social contexts, the uncertainty of roles places the burden of role-making on the people in a given situation.
- Ethnomethodology, an offshoot of symbolic interactionism, examines how people's interactions can create the illusion of a shared social order despite a lack of mutual understanding and the presence of differing perspectives.
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- The term new social movements (NSMs) is a theory of social movements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement paradigm .
- There are two central claims of the NSM theory.
- According to Melucci, one of the leading new social movement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources, but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world.
- Consequently, the concern has shifted from the production of economic resources as a means of survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols, and identities.
- The term new social movements (NSMs) is a theory of social movements that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy), which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement paradigm.
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- Sociocultural evolution is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have changed over time.
- Most nineteenth century and some twentieth century approaches aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, argue that different societies are at different stages of social development.
- Gerhard Lenski is an American sociologist known for contributions to the sociology of religion, social inequality, and ecological-evolutionary social theory.
- Advances in the technology of communication translate into advances in a society's economic system and political system, distribution of goods, social inequality and other spheres of social life.
- Human reproductive capacity exceeds the available resources in the environment.
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- Sociologists occasionally posit the existence of unchanging, abstract social laws.
- Around the world, population growth rates have declined as new types of contraception have been introduced and as policies or economic circumstances discourage reproduction.
- The use of scientific methods differentiates the social sciences from the humanities.
- The rise of statistics and probability theory in the 20th century also contributed to the attempt to mathematically model human behavior in the social sciences.
- But social life is rarely predictable enough to be described by such laws.
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- It is also perceived as one of the best means of achieving greater social equality.
- Some take a particularly negative view, arguing that the education system is intentionally designed to perpetuate the social reproduction of inequality.
- It was after World War II, however, that the subject received renewed interest around the world: from technological functionalism in the US, egalitarian reform of opportunity in Europe, and human-capital theory in economics.
- Structural functionalists believe that society leans towards social equilibrium and social order.
- Explain the role of both formal and informal education in the socialization process, such as learning norms and expectations, as well as gaining social equality
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- Functionalism argues that the social structure is responsible for all stability and instability, and that that the social structure is continuously attempting to maintain social equilibrium among all the components of society.
- Merton's socialization research of medical students.
- Talcott Parsons was heavily influenced by Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, synthesizing much of their work into his action theory, which he based on the system-theoretical concept and the methodological principle of voluntary action.
- The key processes for Parsons for system reproduction are socialization and social control.
- Parsons never spoke about "perfect socialization"—in any society socialization was only partial and "incomplete" from an integral point of view.
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- Describe how and why political opportunities are important to social movements according to political opportunity theory.
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- Social exchange theory applies this type of equation to social relationships.
- Social exchange theory is a sociopsychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties.
- Social exchange theory is only comprehensible through the lens of rational choice theory.
- Several assumptions undergird social exchange theory.
- Explain how social exchange theory is based upon rational choice theory