nationalism

Examples of nationalism in the following topics:

• Industrialized Countries

  • Developed countries, which include such nations as the United States, France, and Japan, have higher GDPs, per-capita incomes, levels of industrialization, breadth of infrastructure, and general standards of living than less developed nations.
  • One measure of a nation's level of development is the Human Development Index (HDI), a statistical measure developed by the United Nations that gauges a country's level of development.
  • Often, national income or gross domestic product (GDP) are used alone to measure how prosperous a nation's economy is.
  • Thus, HDI is often used to predict trends in a nation's development.
  • Because nations have varying levels of wealth, income, and investment in infrastructure, individual populations experience inequality.

• Citizenship Rights

  • Under international law, citizenship is synonymous to nationality, although the two may have different meanings under national law.
  • A person is generally presumed to be a citizen of a nation if one or both of their parents are also a citizen of said nation; this is often called jus sanguinis (Latin legal term), meaning "right of blood. " A jus sanguinis policy means grants citizenship based on ancestry or ethnicity, and is related to the concept of a nation state common in Europe.
  • Many people are presumed to be citizens of a nation if they were born within the physical geographic territory of the nation.
  • More generally, citizenship is seen as the relation between an individual and a particular nation.
  • Certain entities, however, cross national boundaries, such as trade organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multi-national corporations, and sometimes the term "citizen of the world" has been applied in to people who have fewer ties to a particular nation and more of a sense of belonging to the world in general.

• Industrializing Countries

  • Brazil's economy must continue to grow if the nation's standards of living are to rise and if the nation is to become a more prominent figure in the world economy.
  • HDI is the measure of development that is used by the United Nations.
  • Considering global stratification, industrializing nations are at the middle of the hierarchy.
  • Standards of living in industrializing nations are lower than in developed countries, but range widely depending on whether a nation is rapidly industrializing or is in decline.
  • It also includes which nations are in a transitional moment between stages of development.

• Characteristics of the State

  • To understand the differences between state and nation, consider an example like Poland.
  • The people of Poland have long formed a nation with a shared language and culture, but that nation has, through history, been cross-cut by various political borders.
  • Today, Poland's boundaries roughly align with the geographical area where the people of the Polish nation live, and thus Poland can be thought of as a nation state.
  • The nation state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit.
  • The term nation state implies that the two geographically coincide.

• New State Spaces

  • States are not necessarily the same as nations.
  • New state spaces are redefining borders, and they may not be ruled by national governments.
  • For the last couple centuries, states have been largely coterminous with nations: the two tend to overlap.
  • But states are not necessary the same as nations, and state boundaries will not necessarily always be the same as national boundaries.
  • State power is not restricted to the national level.

• Using computers

  • Suppose, for a simple example, we had information about trade-flows of 50 different commodities (e.g. coffee, sugar, tea, copper, bauxite) among the 170 or so nations of the world system in a given year.
  • Here, the 170 nations can be thought of as actors or nodes, and the amount of each commodity exported from each nation to each of the other 169 can be thought of as the strength of a directed tie from the focal nation to the other.

• Global Crime

  • Global crime, such as Transnational Organized Crime, refers to any crime that is coordinated across national borders.
  • It can undermine democracy, disrupt free markets, drain national assets, and inhibit the development of stable societies.
  • In doing so, it has been argued, national and international criminal groups threaten the security of all nations.
  • Transnational organized crimes result in interrupting peace and stability of nations worldwide, often using bribery, violence or terror to meet their needs.
  • Transnational Organized Crime is one of "The Ten Threats" warned by the High Level Threat Panel of the United Nations.

• Identity Formation

  • An example of national identity is the way in which Americans are united on the Fourth of July.
  • In celebrating national independence, one feels a connection to all other Americans.
  • Indeed, the holiday would make little sense if one did not possess a sense of national identity.
  • Further, national identity is an ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.
  • Members of a nation share a common identity and usually a common origin in their sense of ancestry, parentage, or descent.

• Corporations and Corporate Power

  • Corporations have powerful legal rights, and some have revenues that exceed the revenues of sovereign nations.
  • Some multinational corporations are very large, with revenues that exceed some nation's national revenues.
  • A transnational corporation (TNC) differs from a traditional MNC in that it does not identify itself with a single national home.
  • While traditional MNCs are national companies with foreign subsidiaries, TNCs spread out their operations in many countries.
  • Scholars have pointed out that multinationals have had a long history of interference in the policies of sovereign nation states.

• Stratification

  • For example, the small African nation of Cape Verde is significantly indebted to European nations and the U.S., and the majority of the nation's industry is controlled by foreign investors.
  • Thus, the nation's position in the world economy has resulted in poverty for many of its citizens.
  • A global structure, or a macro-level phenomenon, produces unequal distribution of resources for people living in various nations.
  • In this model nations are divided into core, semiperipheral, and peripheral countries.
  • South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Brazil, India, Nigeria, and South Africa) are less developed than core nations but are more developed than peripheral nations.