market socialism

Examples of market socialism in the following topics:

• Socialism

  • As a political movement, socialism includes a diverse array of political philosophies, ranging from reformism to revolutionary socialism, from a planned economy to market socialism.
  • By contrast, in market socialism, the means of production may be publicly or cooperatively owned, but they operate in a market economy.
  • That is, market socialism uses the market and monetary prices to allocate and account for the means of production and the products they create.
  • Instead, it focuses on satisfying market-induced wants as opposed to human needs.
  • Discuss the various implementations of socialism, from reformism to revolutionary socialism

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility is the movement of an individual or group from one social position to another over time.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social positions over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.

• Types of Social Mobility

  • Vertical social mobility refers to moving up or down the so-called social ladder.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.

• Socialization

  • Functionalism argues that the social structure is responsible for all stability and instability, and that that the social structure is continuously attempting to maintain social equilibrium among all the components of society.
  • Merton's socialization research of medical students.
  • Merton hypothesized that socialization happens when individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires.
  • The key processes for Parsons for system reproduction are socialization and social control.
  • Parsons never spoke about "perfect socialization"—in any society socialization was only partial and "incomplete" from an integral point of view.

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility is the extent to which individuals can move between social positions, either in their lifetime or between generations.
  • Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups in social position over time.
  • Most commonly, social mobility refers to the change in wealth and social status of individuals or families.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Cultural capital includes resources ranging from holding a graduate degree to having a grasp of a group's customs and rituals, both of which may confer an advantage in job markets and social exchanges.

• Evaluating Global Theories of Inequality

  • Social theorists think differently about global inequality based on their sociological perspective.
  • Occupy Wall Street protesters approach inequality from a social justice perspective that holds that all Americans deserve equal life chances and have been denied them by market-oriented approaches to economic regulation (or lack thereof).
  • Occupy Wall Street protesters approach inequality from a social justice perspective that holds that all Americans deserve equal life chances and have been denied them by market-oriented approaches to economic regulation (or lack thereof).
  • Functionalists are likely to embrace market-oriented approaches to inequality, on the basis that a free market will result in prices that benefit the smooth-functioning and growth of economies.
  • Differentiate between the positions on social inequality taken by functionalists, Marxists, modern liberalism, and social justice advocates

• Economic Sociology

  • Economic sociology is the study of the social causes and social effects of various economic phenomena.
  • Economic sociology is the study of the social causes and social effects of various economic phenomena.
  • This is distinguishable from the field of socioeconomics, which focuses on the social impact of very specific economic changes, such as the closing of a factory, market manipulation, or new policies that impact the economy of a very specific locale or population.
  • Contemporary economic sociology emphasizes the social consequences of economic exchanges, the social meanings they involve, and the social interactions that they facilitate or obstruct.
  • Some economic sociologists provide a social explanation to questions traditionally addressed by economists.

• The Capitalist Critique of Socialism

  • Critiques of socialism generally refer to its lack of efficiency and feasibility, as well as the political/social effects of such a system.
  • Milton Friedman supported his assertion that socialism fails by taking a look at the American economy, contending that the weakest areas were those that were state-owned.
  • Criticism of socialism refers to a critique of socialist models of economic organization, efficiency, and feasibility, as well as the political and social implications of such a system.
  • Economic liberals, pro-capitalist libertarians, and some classical liberals view private enterprise, private ownership of the means of production, and the market exchange as central to conceptions of freedom and liberty.
  • Some critics of socialism argue that income sharing reduces individual incentives to work; incomes should be individualized as much as possible.

• Social Security Legislation

  • The population to whom social security programs are addressed demonstrates how anomalous the meaning of social security is in the United States.
  • Prior to 1935 and the passage of the Social Security Act, social security did not exist in the United States.
  • The stock market crash of 1929 sparked the depression and destroyed the value of most Americans' retirement savings.
  • But how does social security work?
  • If the laws governing social security are not changed by 2017, social security will pay out more funds than it takes in.

• New Social Movements

  • The most noticeable feature of new social movements is that they are primarily social and cultural and only secondarily, if at all, political.
  • Hence, new social movements are understood as "new," because they are first and foremost social, unlike older movements which mostly have an economic basis.
  • Additionally, if old social movements, namely the worker's movement, presupposed a working class base and ideology, the new social movements are presumed to draw from a different social class base, i.e., "the new class. " This is a complex contemporary class structure that Claus Offe identifies as "threefold" in its composition: the new middle class, elements of the old middle class, and peripheral groups outside the labor market.
  • The groups of people that are marginal in the labor market, such as students, housewives, and the unemployed participate in the collective actions as a consequence of their higher levels of free time, their position of being at the receiving end of bureaucratic control, and their inability to be fully engaged in society specifically in terms of employment and consumption.
  • Evaluate the significance of new social movements (NSMs), which are more concerned with social and cultural issues, and the implications NSMs have on modern-day society