gender pay gap

Examples of gender pay gap in the following topics:

• Family and Gender Issues

  • Social expectations that women manage childcare contribute to the gender pay gap and other limitations in professional life for women.
  • In the United States, there is an observable gender pay gap, such that women are compensated at lower rates for equal work as men.
  • The gender pay gap is measured as the ratio of female to male median yearly earnings among full-time, year-round (FTYR) workers.
  • Economists who have investigated the gender pay gap have also noted that women are more likely to choose jobs based on factors other than pay.
  • Recall at least three reasons why there might be a gender pay gap

• Learning the Gender Gap

  • The gender pay gap, or the difference between male and female earnings, is primarily due to discriminatory social processes.
  • Men are paid more per hour and are promoted more frequently than women, both examples of the gender pay gap.
  • Most who study the gender wage gap assume that it is not due to differences in ability between genders - while in general men may be better at physical labor, the pay gap persists in other employment sectors as well.
  • The remaining part of the raw wage gap that cannot be explained by variables that are thought to influence pay is then referred to as the adjusted gender pay gap and may be explicitly discriminatory.
  • This PSA by the European Union illustrates the gender pay gap in Europe.

• Inequalities of Work

  • Frequently referred to as the gender pay gap, this phenomenon observes that women are consistently paid less for performing the same tasks as men.
  • Part of the pay gap can be attributed to the fact that, more often than men, women tend to engage in part-type work or work in lower-paid industries.
  • This explanation of the pay gap invokes the notion of the pink-collar worker.
  • The larger schema into which the gender pay gap fits is the notion of a "glass ceiling" for women in the workplace.
  • Certainly, the pay gap and other economic issues play into the notion of a glass ceiling, but the term also refers to more general power dynamics.

• Women in the Labor Force

  • The 2008 edition of the Employment Outlook report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that, while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, women still have 20% less chance to have a job than men, on average, and they are paid 17% less than their male counterparts.
  • As gender roles have followed the formation of agricultural and then industrial societies, newly developed professions and fields of occupation have been frequently inflected by gender.
  • The gender pay gap is the difference between male and female earnings expressed as a percentage of male earnings, according to the OECD.
  • The 2008 edition of the Employment Outlook report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) found that, while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, women still have 20% less chance to have a job than men, on average, and they are paid 17% less than their male counterparts.
  • Gender Pay Gap in 19 OECD countries according to the 2008 OECD Employment Outlook report

• Job Discrimination

  • Legally, sexual harassment can be directed by one person of either gender towards another person of either gender.
  • Frequently referred to as the gender pay gap, this phenomenon observes that women are consistently paid less for performing the same tasks as men.
  • Part of the pay gap can be attributed to the fact that, more often than men, women tend to engage in part-time work or work in lower paid industries.
  • This explanation of the pay gap invokes the notion of the pink-collar worker.
  • President Obama signs the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 into law.

• Gender

  • Capitalism also takes advantage of gender inequality.
  • In formal economies, women often receive less pay and have less chances for promotion than men.
  • This phenomenon is referred to as the gender gap in employment.
  • The income gap between genders used to be similar between middle-class and affluent workers, but it is now widest among the most highly paid.
  • The most common explanation for the wage gap between men and women is the finding that women pay a motherhood penalty, regardless of whether or not they are actually mothers.

• Gender Bias in the Classroom

  • Gender-based achievement gaps suggest the existence of gender bias in the classroom.
  • Gender-based achievement gaps (especially in math and science) suggest the existence of gender bias in the classroom.
  • Although most people would like to believe gender bias in the classroom is no longer a problem, evidence points to a persistent achievement gap between boys and girls.
  • If test score gaps are evidence of gender bias, where does that gender bias come from?
  • Analyze both the possible root causes of gender-based achievement gaps and its proposed solutions

• Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor

  • Economic inequality (also known as the gap between rich and poor) consists of disparities in the distribution of wealth and income.
  • When the government provides unemployment pay to unskilled laborers who cannot find work, this is a government initiative to regulate growing inequality.
  • The income gap between highly skilled workers and low-skilled or no-skills workers;
  • The gap in wages produces inequality between different types of workers.
  • Using Gini coefficients, this map illustrates the extent to which each country in the world has internal inequality, or a gap between its richest and poorest citizens.

• Gender Differences in Aging

  • Aging to sex ratios show women living longer than men, but this gap has been quickly narrowing since 1990.
  • However, in the United States, that gender gap is beginning to close.
  • However, for the very oldest members of the population, the gender gap still holds true.
  • Thus, even though the gender gap is narrowing, women are still expected to live longer than men .
  • Analyze the gender gap that exists leading to women generally living longer than men

• Social and Psychological Differences

  • Two detailed examples of socially constructed gender differences are presented below: workforce differences and education.
  • The gap in income between genders used to be similar between middle-class and affluent workers, but it is now widest among the most highly paid.
  • The narrowing of the gap in pay has also been called into question.While it appears there has been a narrowing of the gap in pay between men and women, Mulligan and Rubinstein show that much of the narrowing is actually the result of the most able women entering the workforce and not decreases in the pay gap between men and women.
  • Thus, even the apparent narrowing of pay between the sexes likely overestimates the actual differences in pay.
  • The most common explanation for the wage gap between men and women is the finding that women pay a motherhood wage penalty, regardless of whether or not they are actually mothers.