ethnicity

Examples of ethnicity in the following topics:

• Ethnicity

  • The process that results in the emergence of an ethnicity is known as ethnogenesis.
  • The following categories - "ethnic categories," "ethnic networks," "ethnies" or "ethnic communities," and "situational ethnicity" - were developed in order to distinguish the instances when ethnic classification is the labeling of others and when it is a case of self-identification.
  • A "situational ethnicity" is an ethnic identity that is chosen for the moment based on the social setting or situation.
  • Primordialism holds that ethnicity has existed at all times of human history and that modern ethnic groups have historical roots far into the past.
  • Perennialism holds that ethnicity is ever changing, and that while the concept of ethnicity has existed at all times, ethnic groups are generally short lived before the ethnic boundaries realign in new patterns.

• Ethnic Groups

  • An ethnic group is a group of people who share a common heritage, culture, and/or language; in the U.S., ethnicity often refers to race.
  • Most prominently in the U.S., Latin American descended populations are grouped in a "Hispanic" or "Latino" ethnicity.
  • The many previously designated "Oriental" ethnic groups are now classified as the "Asian" racial group for the census.
  • The terms "Black" and "African American," while different, are both used as ethnic categories in the U.S.
  • Explain why ethnic and racial categories tend to overlap in the U.S.

• Race and Ethnicity

  • Some of the social traits often used for ethnic classification include:
  • Unlike race, ethnicity is not usually externally assigned by other individuals.
  • The term ethnicity focuses more upon a group's connection to a perceived shared past and culture.
  • An example of an ethnic group in the U.S. is Hispanic or Latino.

• The Conflict Perspective

  • For Karl Marx, class conflict was most prominent; other theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more significant.
  • For Marx, issues related to race and ethnicity are secondary to class struggle.
  • Other early conflict theorists saw racial and ethnic conflict as more central.
  • Sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz, in Grundriss der Soziologie (Outlines of Sociology, 1884), described how civilization has been shaped by conflict between cultures and ethnic groups, theorizing that large complex human societies evolved from war and conquest.
  • Explain race and ethnicity from the perspective of different conflict theorists

• Introduction

  • Demographic analysis can relate to whole societies or to smaller groups defined by criteria such as education, religion, or ethnicity.

• Minority Groups

  • Every large society contains ethnic minorities: that is, groups of people whose members identify with each other through a common heritage that often consists of a shared language, culture (often including a religion), or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy.
  • In some places, subordinate ethnic groups may constitute a numerical majority, such as blacks in South Africa under apartheid.
  • In addition to long-established ethnic minority populations in various nation-states, ethnic minorities may consist of more recent migrant, indigenous, or landless nomadic communities residing within, or between, a particular national territory.
  • This tribe is a small branch of ethnic Miao in the western part of Guizhou Province, China.
  • In addition to their small numbers and distinctive ethnicity from the larger Han Chinese majority, they are considered a minority given their relative lack of power in China's larger political structure.

• The Interactionist Perspective

  • Race and ethnicity affect the meaning we attach to each other's actions.
  • One of the most influential symbolic interactionist theorists on race and ethnic relations was Robert Park.

• Racial Groups

  • The United States is a diverse country, racially and ethnically.
  • The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino," which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse ethnicity that composes the largest minority group in the nation.
  • The immigrants to the New World of the Americas came largely from ethnically diverse regions of the European Old World.
  • Efforts to track mixing between groups led to a proliferation of categories (such as "mulatto" and "octoroon") and so-called "blood quantum" distinctions, which refers to the degree of ancestry for an individual of a specific racial or ethnic group (e.g., saying someone is "1/4 Omaha tribe").
  • While many see race and ethnicity as the same thing, ethnicity generally refers to a group of people whose members identify with each other through a common heritage and culture, as opposed to the implication of shared biological traits associated with the term "race."

• Legal Definition of Race

  • Census Bureau currently uses race and ethnicity as self-identification data items.
  • In this system, the residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify and indicate what their ethnic origin is (e.g., Latino).
  • British Police use a classification based on the ethnic background of British society, for example W1 (White-British), M1 (White and black Caribbean), and A1 (Asian-Indian).
  • Racial profiling refers to the use of an individual's race or ethnicity by law enforcement personnel as a key factor in deciding whether to engage in enforcement (e.g. make a traffic stop or arrest).
  • This image illustrates U.S. real median household income per year by race and ethnicity from 1967 to 2008, as compiled by the U.S.

• Population Transfer

  • Population transfer is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another by state policy or international authority, most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion.
  • According to political scientist Norman Finkelstein, population transfer was considered as an acceptable solution to the problems of ethnic conflict up until around World War II and even a little afterward in certain cases.
  • It was considered a drastic but "often necessary" means to end an ethnic conflict or ethnic civil war.
  • Analyze why population transfers went from being an acceptable solution to problems of ethnic conflict to being unacceptable