class

Examples of class in the following topics:

• Social Class

  • Many Americans believe in a simple three-class model that includes upper class, the middle class, and the lower class or working class.
  • Thought of this way, once individuals identify as being within a class group they begin to adhere to the behaviors they expect of that class.
  • By adhering to class expectations, individuals create sharper distinctions between classes than may otherwise exist.
  • Sociologists studying class distinctions since the 1970s have found that social classes each have unique cultural traits.
  • Because individuals' social networks tend to be within their own class, they acculturate to, or learn the values and behaviors of, their own class.

• The Working Class

  • Secretaries, farmers, and hair stylists may all be considered members of the working class.
  • Since many members of the working class, as defined by academic models, are often identified in the vernacular as being middle class, there is considerable ambiguity over the term's meaning.
  • In the class models devised by sociologists, the working class comprises between 30 percent and 35 percent of the population, roughly the same percentage as the lower middle class.
  • Due to differences between middle and working-class cultures, working-class college students may face "culture shock" upon entering the post-secondary education system, with its "middle class" culture.
  • Explain how differences in class culture may affect working-class students who enter the post-secondary education system

• The Upper Middle Class

  • The upper-middle class refers to people within the middle class that have high educational attainment, high salaries, and high status jobs.
  • Sociologists use the term "upper-middle class" to refer to the social group consisting of higher-status members of the middle class.
  • This is in contrast to the term "lower-middle class," which is used for the group at the opposite end of the middle class stratum, and to the broader term "middle class. " There is considerable debate as to how to define the upper-middle class.
  • According to his definition, the middle class consists of an upper-middle class, made up of professionals distinguished by exceptionally high educational attainment and high economic security; and a lower-middle class, consisting of semi-professionals.
  • Moreover, members of the upper-middle class are generally more economically secure than their lower-middle class counterparts.

• Social Class in the U.S.

  • Many Americans believe in a simple three-class model that includes the rich or upper class, the middle class, and the poor or working class.
  • One social class model proposed by sociologists posits that there are six social classes in America.
  • The middle class (40%) is divided into the upper-middle class (14%, earning $76,000 or more per year) and the lower-middle class (26%, earning $46,000 to $75,000 annually).
  • Since the middle class is the largest yet most vaguely defined class, it is important to think about how people come to identify themselves as "middle class."
  • Many sociologists dispute the existence of such class mobility and point to the ways in which social class is inherited.

• Class Structure in the U.S.

  • Many Americans recognize a simple three-tier model that includes the upper class, the middle class, and the lower or working class.
  • In this model, the upper class (3% of the population) is divided into upper-upper class (1% of the U.S. population, earning hundreds of millions to billions per year) and the lower-upper class (2%, earning millions per year).
  • The middle class (40%) is divided into upper-middle class (14%, earning $76,000 or more per year) and the lower-middle class (26%, earning $46,000 to $75,000 per year).
  • The working class (30%) earns $19,000 to $45,000 per year.
  • Many sociologists dispute the existence of such class mobility and point to the ways in which social class is inherited.

• Class

  • According to the class social theorist Karl Marx, class is a combination of objective and subjective factors.
  • The upper class is the social class composed of those who are wealthy, well-born, or both.
  • The middle class is the most contested of the three categories, consisting of the broad group of people in contemporary society who fall socioeconomically between the lower class and upper class.
  • Class mobility refers to movement from one class status to another--either upward or downward.
  • Compare and contrast Marx's understanding of 'class' with Weber's class model

• The Lower Middle Class

  • The lower-middle class are those with some education and comfortable salaries, but with socioeconomic statuses below the upper-middle class.
  • In American society, the middle class is often divided into the lower-middle class and upper-middle class.
  • The lower-middle class (also sometimes simply referred to as the middle class) consists of roughly one third of households—it is roughly twice as large as the upper-middle and upper classes.
  • The lower-middle class is among the largest social classes, rivaled only by the working class, and it is thought to be growing.
  • According to some class models the lower middle class is located roughly between the 52nd and 84th percentile of society.

• Consequences of Social Class

  • Studies have found that upper class employees tend to feel that they are shown respect and given creative opportunities at work, and consequently report higher job satisfaction than lower class employees.
  • In the United States, a person's social class has far-reaching consequences.
  • Social class in the United States is a controversial issue, with social scientists disagreeing over models, definitions, and even the basic question of whether or not distinct classes exist.
  • Many Americans believe in a simple three-class model that includes the rich or upper class, the middle class, and the poor or working class.
  • People in the highest SES bracket, generally referred to as the upper class, likely have better access to healthcare, marry people of higher social status, attend more prestigious schools, and are more influential in politics than people in the middle class or working class.

• Optimization by Tabu search

  • The first class (actor 7) has dense sending ties to the third (actors 5 and 2); and receives information from all three other classes.
  • The second, and largest, class sends information to the first and the third class, and receives information from the third class.
  • The third class (5 and 2) send information to the first and second class, as well as among themselves; they receive information from the second class.
  • The last class (actor 6), sends to the first class, but receives from none.
  • what is the position of each class, as defined by its relations to the other classes?

• Intersections of Class, Race, and Gender

  • Economic class, in conjunction with race and gender, shape the opportunities, the privileges, and the inequalities experienced for individuals and groups.
  • In New Orleans, the roles of class, race, and gender were made apparent to the U.S. public.
  • Though the storm displaced hundreds of people from all backgrounds, classes, colors and gender ‘equally,' all were not affected the same.
  • In the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 for example, 60% of first class passengers survived, while only 24% of third class passengers survived.
  • One child in first class died, while 49 children in third class died.