Examples of bonded labor in the following topics:
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- Debt bondage or bonded labor occurs when a person pledges himself or herself against a loan.
- Forced labor is when an individual is forced to work against his or her will, under threat of violence or other punishment, with restrictions on their freedom.
- It is also used as a general term to describe all types of slavery and may also include institutions not commonly classified as slavery, such as serfdom, conscription and penal labor.
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- The bond between two people who are both lawyers is an example of gemeinschaft, or mechanical solidarity; the two share a community because they have their occupation in common.
- Unlike gemeinschaften, gesellshcaften emphasize secondary relationships rather than familial ties, resulting in an individual feeling less of a bond and less loyalty to society at large.
- Social cohesion in gesellschaften typically derives more from an elaborate division of labor.
- In 1893, French sociologist Émile Durkheim incorporated the ideas of gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, particularly their influences on their respective divisions of labor, into his theory of social solidarity, published as The Division of Labor in Society.
- Mechanical solidarity speaks to the moderate division of labor and close resemblance in social norms exhibited by Tönnies's gemeinschaft.
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- Emile Durkheim studied how societies maintained social integration after traditional bonds were replaced by modern economic relations.
- Population growth creates competition and incentives to trade and further the division of labor.
- Modern societies, on the other hand, are based on organic solidarity, in which people are connected by their reliance on others in the division of labor.
- Thus, although modern society may undermine the traditional bonds of mechanical solidarity, it replaces them with the bonds of organic solidarity.
- Specialization and the division of labor require cooperation.
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- Such groupings based on feelings of togetherness and mutual bonds are maintained by members of the group who see the existence of the group as their key goal.
- Characteristics of these groups include slight specialization and division of labor, strong personal relationships, and relatively simple social institutions.
- Characteristics of these groups include highly calculated divisions of labor, impersonal secondary relationships, and strong social institutions.
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- The term "alienation" has a long and storied history within sociology, most famously with Karl Marx's use of the phrase in the mid-nineteenth century to describe the distancing of a worker from the product of his labors.
- Simmel's colleague, Ferdinand Tönnies, authored Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (Community and Society) about the loss of primary relationships, such as familial bonds, in favor of goal-oriented, secondary relationships in capitalist, urban environments.
- Anomie describes a lack of social norms, or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and his community ties, resulting in the fragmentation of social identity.
- An employee on a car assembly line might feel alienation from the product of his/her labor, as he/she cannot claim credit for the finished product (the car), and perhaps cannot even afford to own the car the assembly line produces.
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- In a capitalist society (which was co-evolved with the Industrial Revolution), rather than owning the fruits of their labors, the proletariat or working class owns only their labor power, not the fruits of their labors (i.e., the results of production).
- The capitalists or bourgeoisie employ the proletariat for a living wage, but then keep the products of the labor.
- As a result, the proletariat is alienated from the fruits of its labor – they do not own the products they produce, only their labor power.
- By re-connecting the individual with the fruits of their labor and empowering them toward true self-governance, species being would be realized and happiness would be returned.
- Specialized individuals would have a great deal in common with their co-workers and, like members of the same religious congregations in pre-industrial societies, co-workers would be able to develop strong bonds of social solidarity through their occupations.
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- Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles.
- An example of the division of labor in the workplace is how workers at a candy factory have very particular tasks.
- Now that labor has been specialized not just nationally but globally, people often wonder what type of division of labor would be the most beautiful, fair, ideal, and efficient.
- A highly specialized division of labor is often used in factories, such as this Chinese silk factory.
- Examine how the division of labor can lead to alienation and less satisfaction in the workforce
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- Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and similar roles.
- An assembly line is an example of the division of labor.
- Division of labor is the specialization of cooperative labor in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles.
- Emilie Durkheim was a driving force in developing the theory of the division of labor in socialization.
- In view of the global extremes of the division of labor, the question is often raised about what manner of division of labor would be ideal, most efficient, and most just.
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- Control theory advances the proposition that weak bonds between the individual and society allow people to deviate.
- Hirschi argued a person follows norms because they have a bond with society.
- These social bonds have four elements: opportunity, attachment, belief, and involvement.
- When any one of these bonds are weakened or broken a person is more likely to act in defiance.
- From a control theory perspective, children who are properly bonded to their parents would be involved in less crime than children who have weaker parental bonds; control theory assumes that the family is a naturally law-abiding institution.
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- According to market-oriented theories of inequality, the low wage earned by seasonal agricultural laborers will encourage members of the labor pool to acquire other skills, which in term will raise the wage earned by agricultural laborers.
- The model is commonly applied to wages, in the market for labor.
- The consumers of labors are businesses, which try to buy (demand) the type of labor they need at the lowest price.
- As populations increase, wages fall for any given unskilled or skilled labor supply.
- According to market-oriented theories, over time the low wages earned by agricultural laborers will induce more people to learn other skills, thus reducing the pool of agricultural laborers.