Examples of transtheoretical model in the following topics:
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- The transtheoretical model of behavior change, based on five stages of change, assesses a person's readiness to stop an old, unhealthy behavior and act on a new, healthy behavior.
- The transtheoretical model of behavior change assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies to guide the individual through each stage of the behavior-change process.
- According to the transtheoretical model, behavioral change is a five-step process, consisting of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.
- This model helps assess where on the spectrum a person falls and helps guide treatment efforts accordingly.
- The stages-of-change model explains behavior change as a process rather than a discrete decision.
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- Network models are based on the concept of connectionism.
- There are several types of network models in memory research.
- Network models are not the only models of memory storage, but they do have a great deal of power when it comes to explaining how learning and memory work in the brain, so they are extremely important to understand.
- The parallel distributed processing (PDP) model is an example of a network model of memory, and it is the prevailing connectionist approach today.
- Network models propose that these connections are the basis of storing and retrieving memories.
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- The individuals performing the imitated behavior are called models.
- Three main conditions were included: a) the model-reward condition, in which the children saw a second adult give the aggressive model candy for a "championship performance"; b) the model-punished condition, in which the children saw a second adult scold the model for their aggression; and c) the no-consequence condition, in which the children simply saw the model behave aggressively.
- Those in the model-reward and no-consequence conditions were more willing to imitate the aggressive acts than those in the model-punished condition.
- This process is influenced by characteristics of the model, as well as how much the observer likes or identifies with the model.
- In addition, the more an observer likes or respects the model, the more likely they are to replicate the model's behavior.
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- A variety of different memory models have been proposed to account for different types of recall.
- Note that all models use the terminology of short-term and long-term memory to explain memory storage.
- The neural network model is the ideal model in this case, as it overcomes the limitations posed by the multi-trace model and maintains the useful features of the model as well.
- The dual-store memory search model, now referred to as the search-of-associative-memory (SAM) model, remains one of the most influential computational models of memory.
- Two types of memory storage, short-term store and long-term store, are utilized in the SAM model.
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- According to this model, a factor is a larger category that encompasses many smaller personality traits.
- Investigation into the five factor model started in 1949 when D.W.
- Research increased in the 1980s and 1990s, offering increasing support for the five factor model.
- Critics of the five-factor model in particular argue that the model has limitations as an explanatory or predictive theory and that it does not explain all of human personality.
- Evaluate the strengths and limitations of the five-factor model of personality
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- The biopsychosocial model states that health and illness are determined by a dynamic interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors.
- The biopsychosocial model of health and illness is a framework developed by George L.
- The psychological component of the biopsychosocial model seeks to find a psychological foundation for a particular symptom or array of symptoms (e.g., impulsivity, irritability, overwhelming sadness, etc.).
- The biopsychosocial model states that the workings of the body, mind, and environment all affect each other.
- According to this model, none of these factors in isolation is sufficient to lead definitively to health or illness—it is the deep interrelation of all three components that leads to a given outcome.
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- There are two major models for understanding how visual attention operates.
- The spotlight model describes attention as having a focus, a fringe, and a margin; the zoom-lens model introduces a size component to the spotlight model.
- There are two major models for understanding how visual attention operates, both of which are loose metaphors for the actual neural processes occurring.
- First introduced in 1986, this model inherits all the properties of the spotlight model, but it has the added property of changing in size.
- In the spotlight model, the focus is the central area of attention, which takes in highly detailed information.
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- There are three proposed processes through which it is theorized that we engage in creative thought: Wallas' five stage model, divergent thinking, and the Geneplore Model.
- Graham Wallas (1858 - 1932) presented one of the first models of the creative process in 1926.
- In Wallas' stage model, creative insights and illuminations may be explained by a creative process consisting of five stages:
- A modern model of creativity, proposed in 1992 by Finke and his colleagues, is the Geneplore Model, which states that creativity takes place in two phases:
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- "Attribution theory" is an umbrella term for various models that attempt to understand this process.
- There are multiple models that attempt to explain the kinds of attributions we use.
- Two of the most well-known models are the covariation model and the three-dimensional model.
- This model suggests that a person's attributions and perceptions about their own success and failure determines the amount of effort the person will put forth in similar situations in the future.
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- By observing an admired role model, an individual may choose to adopt and emphasize particular traits and behaviors.
- Mischel's ideas led him to develop the cognitive-affective model of personality.
- The conflict of ideas between trait theories and Mischel's cognitive-affective model became known as the person–situation debate, or "trait vs. state."
- Mischel's research in personality led him to develop the cognitive-affective model, which argues that an individual's behavior, rather than simply being a result of traits, is fundamentally dependent on situational cues—the needs of a given situation.