Examples of set in the following topics:
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- The mean is the average value of a data set.
- In the data set (1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6), the average would be the sum of all of the values of the data set (22), divided by the total number of values (6), which gives a mean of 3.66 for this data set.
- In the data set (1, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6), the median would be the value found between the two middle numbers of the set 3 and 4.
- Thus the median of this data set is 3.5.
- A data set involves a range of values.
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- Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings.
- Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn within an educational setting.
- Educational psychology aims to provide the best education for all students, regardless of ability, by studying how humans learn in educational settings.
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- The mean is the average of the values in a data set, and can only be computed for interval and ratio data.
- The median is the middle value of the data set.
- If the data set is an odd number, then it is the middle value once the data values are ranked.
- If the data set is made up of an even number of values, then the two middle values should be averaged to find the median.
- The mode is the value which occurs the most in the data set.
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- Observational studies allow researchers to document behavior in a natural setting and witness events that could not be produced in a lab.
- Instead, the participants are simply observed in a natural setting, defined as a place in which behavior ordinarily occurs, rather than a place that has been arranged specifically for the purpose of observing the behavior.
- These observations also capture behavior that is more natural than behavior occurring in the artificial setting of a lab and that is relatively free of some of the bias seen in survey responses.
- By observing people from different cultures in the same setting, it is possible to gain information on cultural differences.
- Observation in a natural setting allows researchers to document behavior without this influence.
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- Authoritative parents set realistic expectations and consistent limits for their children, and provide them with fair or natural consequences.
- Parents set rules and explain the reasons behind them, and they are also flexible and willing to make exceptions to the rules in certain cases—for example, temporarily relaxing bedtime rules to allow for a nighttime swim during a family vacation.
- Authoritarian parents set rigid rules with firm consequences; in contrast to the authoritative style, authoritarian parents probably would not relax bedtime rules during a vacation because they consider the rules to be set, and they expect obedience at all times.
- Permissive parenting tends to be warm and loving but lacks follow-through on setting limits or rules.
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- This comes up in fuzzy sets.
- Conceptual clustering is closely related to fuzzy-set theory, in which objects may belong to one or more concepts, in varying degrees of fitness.
- Our example of the class DOG is a fuzzy set.
- Different objects can fit a cluster better than others; fuzzy-set theory is not binary, so it is not always clear whether an object belongs to a cluster or not.
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- Researchers and other non-clinical psychologists often work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools or hospitals).
- Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, in health-care settings, in the media, in sports, or in forensic investigation and other law-related fields.
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- A mental set is an unconscious tendency to approach a problem in a particular way.
- Our mental sets are shaped by our past experiences and habits.
- Functional fixedness is a special type of mental set that occurs when the intended purpose of an object hinders a person's ability to see its potential other uses.
- An algorithm is a series of sets of steps for solving a problem.
- Additionally, you need to know the algorithm (i.e., the complete set of steps), which is not usually realistic for the problems of daily life.
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- Lexemes
are the
set of inflected forms taken by a single word.
- Another way to think
about lexemes is that they are the set of words that would be included under
one entry in the dictionary—"running" and "ran" would be
found under "run," but "runner" would not.
- Syntax
is a set of rules for constructing full sentences out of words and phrases.
- Every language has a different set of syntactic rules, but all languages have
some form of syntax.
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- Perception is the set of unconscious processes we undergo to make sense of the stimuli and sensations we encounter.
- Perception refers to the set of processes we use to make sense of all the stimuli you encounter every second, from the glow of the computer screen in front of you to the smell of the room to the itch on your ankle.
- Once we have chosen to attend to a stimulus in the environment (consciously or unconsciously, though usually the latter), the choice sets off a series of reactions in our brain.