Perceptual Schema

Examples of Perceptual Schema in the following topics:

• Organization

  • This law states that people will perceive similar elements will be perceptually grouped together.
  • Many optical illusions play on this perceptual tendency.
  • We develop perceptual schemas in order to organize impressions of people based on their appearance, social roles, interaction, or other traits; these schemas then influence how we perceive other things in the world.
  • These schemas are heuristics, or shortcuts that save time and effort on computation.
  • For example, you might have a perceptual schema that the building where you go to class is symmetrical on the outside (sometimes called the "symmetry heuristic," or the tendency to remember things as being more symmetrical than they are).

• Social Cognition

  • In schema theory, when we see or think of a concept, a mental representation or "schema" is activated that brings to mind other related information, usually unconsciously.
  • Similarly, a notable theory of social cognition is social-schema theory.
  • Two cognitive processes that increase the accessibility of schemas are salience and priming.
  • Although people of all cultures use schemas to understand the world, the content of our schemas has been found to differ for individuals based on their cultural upbringing.
  • Because cattle are essential to the lifestyle of the Bantu people, the Bantu herdsman's schemas for cattle were far more extensive than the schemas of the Scottish settler.

• Perceptual Constancy

  • Thanks to perceptual constancy, we have stable perceptions of an object's qualities even under changing circumstances.
  • There are many common visual and perceptual constancies that we experience during the perception process.
  • The perception of the image is still based upon the actual size of the perceptual characteristics.
  • Our eyes aren't the only sensory organs that "trick" us into perceptual constancy.
  • This is thanks to auditory perceptual constancy!

• Memory Distortions and Biases

  • Bartlett attributed this tendency to the use of schemas.
  • A schema is a generalization formed in the mind based on experience.
  • Instead of remembering precise details about commonplace occurrences, people use schemas to create frameworks for typical experiences, which shape their expectations and memories.
  • The common use of schemas suggests that memories are not identical reproductions of experience, but a combination of actual events and already-existing schemas.

• Human Language Development

  • Assimilation is the process of changing one's environment to place information into an already-existing schema (or idea).
  • Accommodation is the process of changing one's schema to adapt to the new environment.
  • According to him, children first create mental structures within the mind (schemas) and from these schemas, language development happens.

• Development of Gender Identity

  • Gender-schema theory was formally introduced by Sandra Bem in 1981 as a cognitive theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society.
  • According to gender-schema theory, gender-associated information is predominantly transmitted through society by way of schemata, or networks that allow for some types of information to be more easily assimilated than others.
  • Apply social-learning theory and gender-schema theory to the context of gender identity development and the gender spectrum

• Selection

  • Perceptual expectancy, also called perceptual set, is a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way based on expectations and assumptions about the world.
  • A simple demonstration of perceptual expectancy involves very brief presentations of non-words such as "sael."

• Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders

  • People with cluster A personality disorders display a personality style that is odd or eccentric; they are often described as having a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
  • People with STPD usually underestimate the maladaptiveness of their social isolation and perceptual distortions; they tend to consider themselves to be simply eccentric, creative, or nonconformist.

• Defining Thoughts

  • ., revisits existing cognitive schemas, perceptions, or understanding so that new information can be incorporated).

• Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders

  • Various therapeutic approaches such as schema therapy and multisystemic therapy (MST) have been indicated as potential avenues for treatment.
  • Various forms of therapeutic treatments include dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy (DDP), mentalization-based treatment (MBT), transference-focused psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), general psychiatric management, and schema-focused therapy.
  • Schema therapy, a form of therapy developed by Jeffrey Young that integrates several therapeutic approaches (psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral etc.), also offers an approach for the treatment of NPD.