morality

Examples of morality in the following topics:

• Moral Development in Childhood

  • Moral development refers to changes in moral beliefs as a person grows older and gains maturity.
  • Moral development refers to changes in moral beliefs as a person grows older and gains maturity.
  • At the preconventional level, a child's sense of morality is externally controlled.
  • Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience - In this stage, children find it hard to distinguish between two separate moral points of view, especially in a moral dilemma.
  • At the postconventional or principled level, children can think of morals and values in an abstract way and begin to realize some moral dilemmas do not have a clear-cut, right or wrong answer.

• Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

  • Kolhberg's theory of moral development states that we progress through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.
  • He used the idea of moral dilemmas—stories that present conflicting ideas about two moral values—to teach 10 to 16 year-old boys about morality and values.
  • After presenting people with various moral dilemmas, Kohlberg reviewed people’s responses and placed them in different stages of moral reasoning.
  • Each level of morality contains two stages, which provide the basis for moral development in various contexts.
  • Each level is associated with increasingly complex stages of moral development.

• A History of Theories of Consciousness

  • Theories of consciousness include developmental, cultural, neural, computational, and moral perspectives.
  • First appearing in the historical records of the ancient Mayan and Incan civilizations, various theories of multiple levels of consciousness have pervaded spiritual, psychological, medical, and moral speculations in both Eastern and Western cultures.
  • Developmental psychologists view consciousness not as a single entity, but as a developmental process with potential higher stages of cognitive, moral, and spiritual quality.

• Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

  • The superego is concerned with social rules and morals—similar to what many people call their "conscience" or their "moral compass."
  • In contrast to the instinctual id and the moral superego, the ego is the rational, pragmatic part of our personality.
  • Across these five stages, the child is presented with different conflicts between their biological drives (id) and their social and moral conscience (supereg0) because their biological pleasure-seeking urges focus on different areas of the body (what Freud called "erogenous zones").
  • According to Freud, the job of the ego is to balance the aggressive/pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.

• Developmental Psychology

  • Lawrence Kohlberg turned his attention to moral development: he said that we pass through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.

• Educational Psychology

  • Some of the more common theories used in educational and school psychology are Jean Piaget's theory of development and Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development.

• Personality Psychology

  • According to his structural theory of the mind, our personality develops from a conflict between the interacting systems within our minds, which he termed the "id" (our biological pleasure-seeking drive), "ego" (the rational part of our personality), and "superego" (our conscience and moral compass).
  • According to Freud, the job of the ego, or self, is to balance the aggressive/pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.

• Freud's Psychosexual Theory of Development

  • The superego restricts the desires of the id by applying morals and values from society.
  • Children begin to behave in morally acceptable ways and adopt the values of their parents and other important adults.

• Comparative Psychology

  • Darwin's theory led to several hypotheses, one being that the factors that set humans apart—such as higher mental, moral, and spiritual faculties—could be accounted for by evolutionary principles.

• Human Sexuality and Culture

  • Human sexuality impacts, and is impacted by, cultural, political, legal, and philosophical aspects of life, and can interact with issues of morality, ethics, theology, spirituality, or religion.
  • Most world religions have developed moral codes that have sought to guide people's sexual activities and practices.