Examples of cognitive development in the following topics:
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- In fact, research suggests that adult cognitive development is a complex, ever-changing process that may be even more active than cognitive development in infancy and early childhood (Fischer, Yan, & Stewart, 2003).
- According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the establishment of formal operational thinking occurs during early adolescence and continues through adulthood.
- Since Piaget's theory, other developmental psychologists have suggested a fifth stage of cognitive development, known as postformal operational thinking (Basseches, 1984; Commons & Bresette, 2006; Sinnott, 1998).
- Finally, young adults develop a sort of expertise in either education or career, which further enhances problem-solving skills and the capacity for creativity.
- Review the milestones of cognitive development in early and middle adulthood
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- Adolescence is a time for rapid cognitive development.
- This stage of cognitive development, termed by Piaget as the formal operational stage, marks a movement from an ability to think and reason from concrete visible events to an ability to think hypothetically and entertain what-if possibilities about the world.
- Development of executive functions, or cognitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behavior, are generally associated with the prefrontal cortex area of the brain.
- The information-processing perspective derives from the study of artificial intelligence and explains cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the overall process of thinking.
- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development includes four stages: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
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- "Cognition" refers to thinking and memory processes, and "cognitive development" refers to long-term changes in these processes.
- Though there are examples of cognitive approaches from earlier researchers, cognitive psychology really developed as a subfield within psychology in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
- Instead of approaching development from a psychoanalytic or psychosocial perspective, Piaget focused on children’s cognitive growth.
- He is most widely known for his stage theory of cognitive development, which outlines how children become able to think logically and scientifically over time.
- Piaget is best known for his stage theory of cognitive development.
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- Developmental psychologists study the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans from conception through adulthood.
- They view development as a lifelong process that can be studied scientifically across three developmental domains—physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.
- Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
- Jean Piaget proposed a theory of cognitive development that explains how children think and reason as they move through various stages.
- Lawrence Kohlberg turned his attention to moral development: he said that we pass through three levels of moral thinking that build on our cognitive development.
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- Cognitive abilities such as memory may see a decline in late adulthood.
- As an individual ages into late adulthood, psychological and cognitive changes can sometimes occur.
- These can include education and support for the caregiver and daily exercise programs or cognitive or behavioral therapies for the person with the disorder.
- Cognitive ability changes over the course of a person's lifespan, but keeping the mind engaged and active is the best way to keep thinking sharp.
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- Critics of the social-cognitive theory of personality argue that it is not a unified theory and does not explain development over time.
- The social-cognitive theory of personality emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality.
- This approach emphasizes both the environment and the individual's own traits as important factors in personality development.
- Because of this, it can be difficult to quantify the effect that social cognition has on development.
- Critics of social-cognitive theory argue that the theory does not provide a full explanation of how social cognition, behavior, environment, and personality are related (known as "reciprocal determinism").
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- The Schachter–Singer theory views emotion as the result of the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
- Researchers have developed several theories of how human emotions arise and are represented in the brain.
- According to the Schacter–Singer theory, emotion results from the interaction between two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
- For example, if you were to see a venomous snake in your backyard, the Schachter–Singer theory argues that the snake would elicit sympathetic nervous system activation (physiological arousal) that would be cognitively labeled as fear (cognition) based on the context.
- The Schachter–Singer theory views emotion as resulting from the interaction of two factors: physiological arousal and cognition.
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- The modern roots of CBT can be traced to the development of behavior therapy in the early 20th century, the development of cognitive therapy in the 1960s, and the subsequent merging of the two.
- These were the antecedents of the development of Joseph Wolpe's behavioral therapy in the 1950s.
- Cognitive therapy was developed by psychiatrist Aaron Beck in the 1960s.
- Pivotal to this merging was the successful development of treatments for panic disorder by David M.
- DBT is a modified form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that was originally developed in the late 20th century by psychology researcher Marsha Linehan to treat people who are chronically suicidal and those with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
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- Bandura's and Rotter's social-cognitive theories of personality emphasize cognitive processes, such as thinking and judging.
- Social-cognitive theories of personality emphasize the role of cognitive processes, such as thinking and judging, in the development of personality.
- Skinner's theory that personality develops through learning; however, he disagreed with Skinner’s strict behaviorist approach to personality development.
- Distinct from self-efficacy, which involves our belief in our own abilities, locus of control refers to our beliefs about the power we have over our lives, and is a cognitive factor that affects personality development.
- An internal locus of control has been shown to develop along with self-regulatory abilities.
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- Social cognition, like general cognition, uses schemas to help people form judgments and conclusions about the world.
- Social cognition is a specific approach of social psychology (the area of psychology that studies how people's thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others) that uses the methods of cognitive science.
- Similarly, a notable theory of social cognition is social-schema theory.
- Studies have found that culture influences social cognition in other ways too.
- For example, a number of studies have found that people who grow up in East Asian cultures such as China and Japan tend to develop holistic thinking styles, whereas people brought up in Western cultures like Australia and the USA tend to develop analytic thinking styles.