public policy

Examples of public policy in the following topics:

• Coordinating and Promoting Party Policy

  • Democratic and Republican National Committees help coordinate and promote party policies but do not organize the creation of policies.
  • The Democratic National Committee (DNC) and Republican National Committee (RNC) help to coordinate and promote party policies, although they are not the central organizations that develop these policies.
  • While the planks of platforms do not all necessarily become policies, they can lead to highly politicized debates between parties that become party policy stances.
  • The DNC and RNC promote party policy in a variety of ways through the mass media.
  • While relatively little of the party platform is adopted as public policy, the platforms often become politicized because they are more ideological than pragmatic.

• Policy Evaluation

  • Policies may be evaluated according to a number of standards.
  • Policies may also be substantively evaluated through careful, honest feedback from those affected by the policies.
  • Policy evaluation can take place at different times.
  • Policies can be difficult to assess.
  • In general, public policies become entrenched over time and are difficult to terminate even if they are evaluated by various standards.

• Issue Identification and Agenda Building

  • Many problems exist within the United States but few make it onto the public policy agenda.
  • In other instances, issues can move into the public spotlight and be forced onto the policy agenda by the amount of attention and public outcry they receive.
  • The media can also keep issues off of the policy agenda by giving the impression that an issue does not require resolution through the policy process.
  • In addition to the power of certain groups and the media, significant events can act as policy triggers that immediately move issues onto the policy agenda.
  • It is important to note, however, that not all issues that move onto policy agendas complete the policy process to become laws.

• Interest Groups

  • Foreign policy interest groups are domestic advocacy organizations which seek to influence the government's foreign policy.
  • Foreign policy interest groups, which are domestic advocacy organizations seeking to directly or indirectly influence the government's foreign policy, are a key player in U.S. foreign policy.
  • Foreign policy interest groups often overlap with so-called "ethnic" interest groups, as they try to influence the foreign policy and, to a lesser extent, the domestic policy of the United States for the benefit of the foreign "ethnic kin" or homeland with whom respective ethnic groups identify.
  • Prominent examples of these organizations include the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the Cuban American National Foundation, the Armenian Assembly of America, the U.S.
  • The American Israel Public Affairs Committee is a prominent foreign policy interest group

• Policy Adoption

  • Policy adoption is the third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation.
  • The media can also play a key role in policy adoption.
  • Once the relevant government bodies adopt policies, they move into the next phase of the policy process, policy implementation.
  • Bush's plan for Social Security prevented policy adoption.
  • Identify which groups can expedite or retard the adoption of policy

• Policy Implementation

  • Policy implementation is the fourth phase of the policy cycle in which adopted policies are put into effect.
  • The implementation of policy refers to actually enacting the proposed solutions.
  • The judiciary may overrule the implementation of such policies.
  • In addition to the aforementioned elements, policy implementation can further be complicated when policies are passed down to agencies without a great deal of direction.
  • The most surprising aspect of the policy process may be that policies are implemented at all.

• Foreign Policy

  • A country's foreign policy includes all of the policies it develops to pursue its national interests as it interacts with other countries.
  • Foreign policy is designed to protect the national interests of the state.
  • Modern foreign policy has become quite complex.
  • In the past, foreign policy may have concerned itself primarily with policies solely related to national interest--for example, military power or treaties.
  • Forces that sometimes influence foreign and military policies from outside government are think tanks, interest groups, and public opinion.

• Policy Formulation

  • Formulation is the second stage of the policy process and involves the proposal of solutions to agenda issues.
  • The issue of traffic safety has been solved by various policies throughout time.
  • The ultimate policy that is chosen to solve the issue at hand is dependent on two factors.
  • Secondly, policies must be politically feasible.
  • Policy formulation is, therefore, comprised of analysis that identifies the most effective policies and political authorization.

• The Goals of Economic Policy

  • Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field.
  • This makes policy non-credible and ultimately ineffective.
  • Another type of non-discretionary policy is a set of policies which are imposed by an international body.
  • One of the major goals of economic policy is to promote economic growth.
  • Compare and contrast the policy tools used by governments to achieve economic growth

• Monetary Policy

  • Monetary theory provides insight into how to craft optimal monetary policy.
  • Monetary policy differs from fiscal policy.
  • Policies are called "tight" if they are intended to reduce inflation.
  • Since the 1970's, monetary policy has generally been formed separately from fiscal policy.
  • The primary tool of monetary policy is open market operations.