monopoly

Examples of monopoly in the following topics:

• Types of Media

  • Theories on the success of such companies note a reliance on certain policies of the American federal government as well as a natural tendency to produce monopolies in the industry.
  • Many prominent news organizations such as CBS, ABC, and Fox News are often criticized for creating political and corporate monopolies to boost popularity.

• The Impact of Court Decisions

  • Market failures and natural monopolies could be problematic.
  • As for natural monopolies, opponents of privatization claim that they aren't subject to fair competition and are better administrated by the state.

• Early U.S. Supreme Court Decisions

  • They petitioned other states and territorial legislatures for similar monopolies, hoping to develop a national network of steamboat lines.
  • Only the Orleans Territory accepted and awarded them a monopoly in the lower Mississippi.
  • Former New Jersey Governor Aaron Ogden tried defying the monopoly, but purchased a license from Livingston and Fulton in 1815 and entered business with Tomas Gibbons from Georgia.
  • Gibbons appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the monopoly conflicted with federal law.

• Regulation and Antitrust Policy

  • Even if competitors do shoulder these costs, monopolies will have ample warning and time in which to either buy out the competitor, engage in its own research, or return to predatory pricing long enough to eliminate the upstart business.
  • Famous examples of these lawsuits include the government's break-up of AT&T's local telephone service monopoly in the early 1980s, and governmental actions against Microsoft in the late 1990s.
  • The government is hesitant to allow a company to develop market power, because if unchecked, such power can lead to monopoly behavior.

• Deregulation

  • Opposition has also stemmed from fears that a free market, without protective regulations, would become financially unstable or controlled by monopolies.
  • Because the entry of competitors was highly restricted, monopoly situations were created.
  • The government responded by instituting more regulations, this time price and economic controls aimed at protecting the public from these monopolies.

• Making Policy

  • To help them make ends meet, Congress may give government corporations a legal monopoly over given services, provide subsidies, or both.

• Jacksonian Democrats: 1824–1860

  • Jackson's equal political policy became known as "Jacksonian Democracy," subsequent to ending what he termed a "monopoly" of government by elites.
  • In particular, the Jacksonians opposed government-granted monopolies to banks, especially the national bank, a central bank known as the Second Bank of the United States.

• Organization and Ownership of the Media

  • There are also some large-scale owners in an industry that are not the causes of monopoly or oligopoly.

• The Progressive Era

  • Tarbell wrote a series of articles against Standard Oil, which was perceived to be a monopoly.

• Monetary Policy

  • Where currency is under a monopoly of issuance, or where there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter the money supply and thus influence the interest rate to achieve policy goals.