Examples of labor law in the following topics:
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- The late nineteenth century saw many governments starting to address questions surrounding the relationship between business and labor, primarily through labor law or employment law.
- Labor law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and restrictions on, working people and their organizations.
- Labor law arose due to the demand for workers to have better conditions, the right to organize, or, alternatively, the right to work without joining a labor union, and the simultaneous demands of employers to restrict the powers of the many organizations of workers and to keep labor costs low.
- The state of labor law at any one time is, therefore, both the product of, and a component of, struggles between different interests in society.
- It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals with issues of both private law and public law.
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- United States labor law is a heterogeneous collection of state and federal laws.
- The NLRB has exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether an employer has engaged in an unfair labor practice and to decide what remedies should be provided.
- States and local governments can, on the other hand, impose requirements when acting as market participants, such as requiring that all contractors sign a project labor agreement to avoid strikes when building a public works project, that they could not if they were attempting to regulate those employers' labor relations directly.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) establishes minimum wage and overtime rights for most private sector workers, with a number of exemptions and exceptions.
- This graph of the minimum wage in the United States shows the fluctuation in government guarantees for minimum standards of labor.
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- The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was signed into law by President Lyndon B.
- It removed national-origin quotas from immigration law.
- /Mexican border, and harsher enforcement of existing laws.
- Enforcement and labor policies often violate the rights that are afforded to U.S. citizens.
- Children of immigrants may be denied access to education or coerced into labor that violates child labor laws.
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- And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
- No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.
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- Antitrust laws are a form of marketplace regulation intended to prohibit monopolization and unfair business practices.
- U.S. antitrust law is a body of law that prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopolization) and unfair business practices.
- Other countries use the term "competition law" for this action.
- Many countries, including most of the Western world, have antitrust laws of some form.
- Several types of organizations are exempt from federal antitrust laws, including labor unions, agricultural cooperatives, and banks.
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- There exist several U.S. laws protecting whistleblowers, people who inform authorities of alleged dishonest or illegal activities.
- Whistleblowers may make their allegations internally or externally to regulators, law enforcement agencies or the media.
- The first US environmental law to include employee protection was the Clean Water Act of 1972.
- Whistleblowers frequently face reprisal at the hands of the accused organization, related organizations, or under law.
- Investigation of retaliation against whistleblowers falls under jurisdiction of the Office of the Whistleblower Protection Program (OWPP) of the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
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- Labor interest groups are a type of economic interest group.
- The strength of labor interest groups continued in the 19th century.
- Twenty-three states have such laws in place; these are the so-called "right-to-work" states.
- In the US there is now also a focus on immigration and labor rights.
- Explain the decline of labor interest groups and new kinds of organization
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- The two key elements in distinguishing laws, pseudolaws, and by-laws are generality and sanctions.
- If there is a sanction, however, we must still ascertain whether the rule is a law or a pseudo law, and this is where we must consider generality.
- By-laws apply both to compound-voluntary and to public-voluntary associations.
- The Bacon-Davis Act prohibits the federal government from making contracts with private firms paying their employees less than "prevailing wages" as determined by the Secretary of Labor for each occupation and region of the country.
- It would merely have been a violation of a federal by-law.
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- At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws.
- Federal Election Commission that laws prohibiting corporate and union political expenditures were unconstitutional.
- Congress prohibited labor unions or corporations from spending money to influence federal elections, and prohibited labor unions from contributing to candidate campaigns.
- Labor unions moved to work around these limitations by establishing political action committees, to which members could contribute.
- Federal law allows for two types of PACs, connected and non-connected.
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- A bill is introduced by a member of the legislature, read through, debated, and then passed to become a law.
- A system of committees considers law relating to each policy area jurisdictions in the U.S.
- The committee system is a way to provide for specialization, or a division of the legislative labor.
- Bills passed by the legislature usually require the approval of the executive to become law.
- Explain the process by which a bill becomes a law through the legislative and executive branches of government