Examples of judge in the following topics:
-
- Judicial activism is based on personal/political considerations and judicial restraint encourages judges to limit their power.
- The phrase is generally traced back to a comment by Thomas Jefferson, referring to the despotic behavior of Federalist federal judges, in particular, John Marshall.
- Judicial restraint is a theory of judicial interpretation that encourages judges to limit the exercise of their own power.
- It asserts that judges should hesitate to strike down laws unless they are obviously unconstitutional, though what counts as obviously unconstitutional is itself a matter of some debate.
- Judicially-restrained judges respect stare decisis, the principle of upholding established precedent handed down by past judges.
-
- Every judge appointed to the court may be categorized as a federal judge with approval from the Senate.
- The president nominates all federal judges, who must then be approved by the Senate .
- The appointment of judges to lower federal courts is important because almost all federal cases end there.
- Once in office, federal judges can be removed only by impeachment and conviction.
- Federal judges, such as Supreme Court Justices, must be nominated.
-
- Appeals are then passed to a panel of three judges working together to make a decision.
- These judges base their decision on the record of the case established by the trial court or agency.
- The appellate judges do not receive any additional evidence or hear witnesses.
- Oral argument consists of a structured discussion between the appellate lawyers and the panel of judges on the legal principles in dispute.
- Each side is given a short time to present their arguments to the judges.
-
- Government not only makes enforceable agreements possible but it provides neutral judges to resolve disputes about such agreements.
- Some parties bypass the judge by jointly sending disputes to an arbitrator, but the courts are always available when less extreme measures fail.
-
- American judges, like common law judges elsewhere, not only apply the law, they also make the law.
- First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions.
- Therefore, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form.
- This occurs to the extent that the subject matter of the particular statute at issue was covered by some judge-made principle at common law.
- Judges are free to liberally interpret the codes unless and until their interpretations are specifically overridden by the legislature.
-
- American judges, like common law judges elsewhere, not only apply the law, they also make the law, to the extent that their decisions in the cases before them become precedent for decisions in future cases.
- First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions.
- Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.
- This was because appellate decisions from many American courts were not regularly reported until the mid-19th century; lawyers and judges, as creatures of habit, used English legal materials to fill the gap.
-
- During the Constitutional Convention, the most contentious disputes revolved around the composition and election of the Senate, how "proportional representation" was to be defined, whether to divide the executive power between three people or invest the power into a single president, how to elect the president, how long his term was to be and whether he could stand for reelection, what offenses should be impeachable, the nature of a fugitive slave clause, whether to allow the abolition of the slave trade, and whether judges should be chosen by the legislature or executive.
- Madison believed that in the American states, this direct link between state executives and judges was a source of corruption through patronage and thought the link had to be severed between the two, thus creating the "third branch" of the judiciary which had been without any direct precedent before this point.
- At the convention, some sided with Madison that the legislature should choose judges, while others believed the president should choose judges.
- A compromise was eventually reached that the president should pick judges and the Senate confirm them.
-
- To be appointed as a federal judge, nominees must be confirmed by the Senate after being interviewed by a Committee.
- Supreme Court nominations have caused media speculation about whether the judge leans to the left, middle, or right.
-
- Strict scrutiny is applied by judges in these cases because they give preferential treatment to a class of citizens--racial minorities.
- Judges apply strict scrutiny tests when a case regarding affirmative action come before them.
- In other words, in order to determine the constitutionality of the contested program, the judge must determine whether or not the program meets the standards of a strict scrutiny test.
-
- If, under such circumstances, the federal government attempts to retry the person on the same charge, the judge would be obliged by this rule to dismiss the indictment.
- An example of the meaning of $R-->C$ can be found in a judge who is fixing a sentence governed by rule R.
- The legal punishment for a certain crime may be expressed as a set of upper limits, "not more than USD 10,000 fine and 5 years in jail", to what a judge can do to the convicted person.