indirect lobbying

Examples of indirect lobbying in the following topics:

• The Constitutional Right to Petition the Government

  • It contrasted it with indirect lobbying: efforts to influence Congress indirectly by trying to change public opinion.
  • In support of the power of Congress it is argued that lobbying is within the regulatory power of Congress, that influence upon public opinion is indirect lobbying, since public opinion affects legislation; and that therefore attempts to influence public opinion are subject to regulation by the Congress.
  • Lobbying, properly defined, is subject to control by Congress, . . .
  • It is said that lobbying itself is an evil and a danger.
  • It is said that indirect lobbying by the pressure of public opinion on the Congress is an evil and a danger.

• Indirect Techniques

  • Grassroots lobbying, or indirect lobbying, is a form of lobbying that focuses on raising awareness for a particular cause at the local level, with the intention of influencing the legislative process.
  • Rather, they choose to influence candidates and public officials using indirect tactics of advocacy.
  • The main two tactics used in indirect advocacy are contacting the press (by either a press conference or press release), and mobilizing the mass membership to create a movement.
  • There are 22 states that define lobbying as direct or indirect communication to public officials, and 14 additional states that define it as any attempt to influence public officials.
  • Identify the indirect techniques used by interest groups to influence legislation

• Mobilizing Public Opinion

  • In 1953, following a lawsuit that included a congressional resolution that authorized a governmental committee to investigate "all lobbying activities intended to influence, encourage, promote, or retard legislation," the Supreme Court narrowly construed "lobbying activities" to mean only "direct" lobbying.
  • It contrasted this with indirect lobbying, which it defined as efforts to influence Congress indirectly by trying to change public opinion.
  • As an indirect tactic, lobbyists often try to manipulate public opinion which, in turn, can sometimes exert pressure on congresspersons, who must frequently appeal to that public during electoral campaigns.
  • One method for exerting this indirect pressure is the use of mass media.
  • Kollman asserted that this type of outside lobbying is a "powerful tool" for interest group leaders.

• Size and Resources

  • They lobby politicians, contribute to campaigns, and organize media campaigns in attempts to influence policy.
  • In the United States, interest groups are often associated with lobbying groups, who seek to influence government officials to act favorably towards them.
  • Interest groups, however, are not always involved in lobbying.
  • They may not be politically active, or else they may use indirect tactics such as media campaigns, research, and public opinion polls in order to advance their cause.
  • The practice of attempting to influence lawmakers is called lobbying, and the effectiveness of a group's lobbying efforts is usually tied to its access to resources (almost always financial).

• Direct Lobbying

  • A common use of direct lobbying is to persuade the general public about a ballot proposal.
  • Communications regarding a ballot measure are also considered direct lobbying.
  • Direct lobbying is different from grassroots lobbying, a process that uses direct communication with the general public, which, in turn, contacts and influences the government.
  • Meta-analysis reveals that direct lobbying is often used alongside grassroots lobbying.
  • Allies are also directly lobbied if a counter lobby is brought to light.

• Direct Techniques

  • There are three lobbying laws in the U.S. that require a lobbying entity to be registered, allow nonprofit organizations to lobby without losing their nonprofit status, require lobbying organizations to present quarterly reports, places restrictions on gifts to U.S.
  • Lobbying is a common practice at all levels of legislature.
  • Direct lobbying is often used alongside grassroots lobbying.
  • The top sectors for lobbying as of 2010 are financial, insurance, and real estate, with $4,405,909,610 spent on lobbying.
  • Another aspect to the law is the spending restrictions between direct lobbying and grassroots lobbying—no more than 20% can be spent on grassroots lobbying at any given time, while 100% of the lobbying expenditures can be on direct lobbying.

• Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists

  • Most lobbying during the nineteenth century happened within state legislatures.
  • When lobbying did happen, it was often "practiced discreetly" with little or no public disclosure.
  • Further complicating the relationship between lobbying and the Executive Branch is the fact that it is possible for one level of government to lobby another level.
  • Grant was in office during a period of more intense lobbying in the federal government between 1869 and 1877.
  • Summarize the key reasons behind the movement of lobbying activity from the state to the federal level

• Regulating Congressional Lobbyists

  • Many of the laws and guidelines are specified in the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.
  • According to the Lobbying Disclosure Act, several authorized definitions include: Lobbying activities means "lobbying contacts and efforts in support of such contacts, including preparation and planning activities, research and other background work that is intended, at the time it is performed, for use in contacts, and coordination with the lobbying activities of others. " Lobbying contact means "any oral or written communication (including an electronic communication) to a covered executive branch official or a covered legislative branch official."
  • Requirements for registering also apply to companies that specialize in lobbying, or ones that have an in-house lobbyist, particularly if they spend more than $11,500 on lobbying.
  • The resulting Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) governed lobbying rules up until 1995 when the Lobbying Disclosure Act replaced it.
  • Describe the key difficulties that make the regulation of lobbying activity challenging

• The Reforms of 1995

  • The Lobbying and Disclosure Act of 1995 was legislation aimed at bringing a level of accountability to federal lobbying practices in the United States.
  • The Lobbying and Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. § 1601) was legislation aimed at bringing a level of accountability to federal lobbying practices in the United States.
  • Any organization that contributes more than $10,000 towards lobbying activities must also be registered.
  • The register must also include a statement of what issues the registrant expects to lobby or what may have already been lobbied.
  • Summarize the content and effectiveness of the lobbying reforms of 1995

• Interest Groups

  • Lobbying (also lobby) is the act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government .
  • The ethics and morality of lobbying are dual-edged.
  • Governments often define and regulate organized group lobbying.
  • As a result, lobbying has become increasingly regulated.
  • The Lobby of the House of Commons, painted in 1886 by Liborio Prosperi.