federal system

Examples of federal system in the following topics:

• The Changing Federal Role in the Economy

  • In the United States, the Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve, and informally as the Fed) serves as the central mechanism for understanding federal intervention (and de-entanglement) with the economy.
  • The central banking system of the United States, the Fed was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act.
  • Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded, and its structure has evolved.
  • The Federal Reserve System acts as the central mechanism for federal intervention in the U.S. economy.
  • Explain the role and the historical origins of the Federal Reserve System in the early 20th century

• The New Deal: Cooperative Federalism and the Growth of the National Government

  • Cooperative federalism is a concept of federalism where national, state and local governments interact cooperatively and collectively to solve common problems, rather than making policies separately but more or less equally or clashing over a policy in a system dominated by the national government.
  • In the American federal system, there are limitations on national government's ability to carry out its policies through the executive branch of state governments.
  • There are significant advantages in a federal system to obtain state assistance in the local implementation of federal programs.
  • Congress often avoids the adoption of completely nationalized programs by creating a delivery system for federal programs and by motivating compliance—threatening states that they will pose power over the regulated area completely.
  • While the federal system places limits on the ability of the national government to require implementation by a state executive branch or its local political subdivisions, that limitation does not apply in the same way to state judicial systems.

• Judicial Federalism

  • Judicial federalism is a theory that the judicial branch has a place in the check and balance system in U.S. federalism.
  • Judicial federalism relies on the fact that the judiciary has a place in the check and balance system within the federal government.
  • The first Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the lower federal courts and specified the details of federal court jurisdiction.
  • Madison changed the role of the judicial branch in the federal system.
  • Analyze the complex role of the state and federal judiciary in the federal system

• Federal Jurisdiction

  • The American legal system includes both state courts and federal courts.
  • Generally, state courts hear cases involving state law, although they may also hear cases involving federal law so long as the federal law in question does not grant exclusive jurisdiction to federal courts.
  • Federal courts may only hear cases where federal jurisdiction can be established.
  • The federal district courts represent one of the ways federal jurisdiction is split.
  • Discuss the different levels of jurisdiction by state and federal courts in the American legal system

• The Federal Tax System

  • The United States is a federal republic with autonomous state and local governments.
  • State rules for determining taxable income often differ from federal rules.
  • Federal tax rates vary from 10% to 35% of taxable income.
  • Payroll taxes are imposed by the federal and all state governments.
  • Similar to federal income taxes, federal estate and gift taxes are imposed on worldwide property of citizens and residents and allow a credit for foreign taxes.

• Basic Judicial Requirements

  • In the judiciary system each position within the federal, state and local government has different types of requirements.
  • Because of the federalist underpinnings of the division between federal and state governments, the various state court systems are free to operate in ways that vary widely from those of the federal government, and from one another.
  • The U.S. federal court system hears cases involving litigants from two or more states, violations of federal laws, treaties, and the Constitution, admiralty, bankruptcy, and related issues.
  • The judicial system, whether state or federal, begins with a court of first instance, whose work may be reviewed by an appellate court, and then ends at the court of last resort, which may review the work of the lower courts.
  • Identify the type and structure of courts that make up the U.S. federal court system

• New Federalism and State Control

  • New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states.
  • As a policy theme, New Federalism typically involves the federal government providing block grants to the states to resolve a social issue.
  • Liebmann : "It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."
  • It was thus seen as a (narrow) victory for federalism when the Rehnquist Court reined in federal regulatory power in United States v.
  • Brandeis' opinion in New Ice Co. set the stage for new federalism.

• Federalism

  • Federalism is the system where sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent units.
  • Federalism is the system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units.
  • Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism, in which national and state governments collaborate on policy.
  • Federalism was the most influential political movement arising out of discontent with the Articles of Confederation, which focused on limiting the authority of the federal government.
  • Discuss the origins and development of federalism in the United States from the ratification of the Constitution to the Great Depression, and identify the structure of federalism

• Federalism

  • Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States.
  • The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units.
  • Federalism is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments, creating what is often called a federation.
  • The theory originated within the Jacksonian democracy movement as backlash against the mercantilist American System and supported centralization of government under the Adams administration during the 1820s.
  • This became known as Cooperative Federalism.

• Dual Federalism: From the Civil War to the 1930s

  • America functioned under dual federalism until the federal government increased influence after the Civil War.
  • Dual federalism is a theory of federal constitutional law in the United States where governmental power is divided into two separate spheres.
  • The federal government is considered limited generally to those powers listed in the Constitution.
  • The theory originated within the Jacksonian democracy movement against the mercantilist American system and centralization of government under the Adams administration during the 1820s.
  • National courts now interpret the federal government as the final judge of its own powers under dual federalism.