expenditure

(noun)

Act of expending or paying out.

Related Terms

Examples of expenditure in the following topics:

  • Fiscal Policy and Policy Making

    • Fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxation) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
    • In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government budget or revenue collection (taxation) and expenditure (spending) to influence economic.
    • The two main instruments of fiscal policy are government taxation and expenditure.
    • This expenditure can be funded in a number of different ways:

  • Campaign Finance Reform

    • The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1972 required candidates to disclose sources of campaign contributions and campaign expenditures.
    • Other provisions included limits on contributions to campaigns and expenditures by campaigns, individuals, corporations and other political groups.
    • The court struck down, as infringement on free speech, limits on candidate expenditures and certain other limits on spending.
    • Candidates receive matching funds, up to a limit, when they are outspent by privately-funded candidates, attacked by independent expenditures, or their opponent benefits from independent expenditures.
    • This is the primary difference between clean money public financing systems and the presidential campaign system, which many have called "broken" because it provides no extra funds when candidates are attacked by 527s or other independent expenditure groups.

  • The Budgeting Process

    • In the short-run, tax revenues have declined significantly due to a severe recession and tax policy choices, while expenditures have expanded for wars, unemployment insurance and other safety net spending.
    • In the long-run, expenditures related to healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid are projected to grow faster than the economy overall as the population matures.
    • Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid expenditures are funded by more permanent Congressional appropriations and so are considered mandatory spending.

  • Deficit Spending, the Public Debt, and Policy Making

    • One of the largest budget expenditures for state governments is Medicaid.
    • While both parties discuss reducing tax expenditures (i.e., exemptions and deductions), Republicans focus on preserving lower tax rates for capital gains and dividends, while Democrats prefer educational credits and capping deductions.
    • Political realities make it unlikely that more than $150 billion per year in individual tax expenditures could be eliminated.
    • One area with more common ground is corporate tax rates, where both parties have generally agreed that lower rates and fewer tax expenditures would align the U.S. more directly with foreign competitioIn addition to policies regarding revenue and spending, policies that encourage economic growth are the third major way to reduce deficits.
    • Economic growth offers the "win-win" scenario of higher employment, which increases tax revenue while reducing safety net expenditures for such things as unemployment compensation and food stamps.

  • Foundations of the Welfare State

    • In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.
    • In 2002, total U.S. social welfare expenditure constitutes roughly 35% of GDP, with purely public expenditure constituting 21%, publicly supported but privately provided welfare services constituting 10% of GDP and purely private services constituting 4% of GDP.

  • Direct Techniques

    • Congress members, and makes it mandatory for earmarks to be disclosed in expenditure bills.
    • Organizations must elect to use the Public Charity Law, and so increase the allowable spending on lobbying to increase to 20% for the first $500,000 of their annual expenditures.
    • Another aspect to the law is the spending restrictions between direct lobbying and grassroots lobbying—no more than 20% can be spent on grassroots lobbying at any given time, while 100% of the lobbying expenditures can be on direct lobbying.
    • The bill includes provisions that require a quarterly report on lobby spending by organizations, places restrictions on gifts to Congress members, provides for mandatory disclosure of earmarks in expenditure bills, and places restrictions on the revolving door in direct lobbying.

  • Fiscal Policy

    • Fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection or taxation, and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
    • In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection or taxation, and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
    • This expenditure can be funded in a number of different ways: taxation, printing money, borrowing money from the population or from abroad, consumption of fiscal reserves, or sale of fixed assets (land).

  • Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

    • Federal Election Commission was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 2010 in which the court held that the First Amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by corporations and unions.
    • Justice Kennedy's majority opinion found that the BCRA prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech.
    • A lobbyist can now tell any elected official: if you vote wrong, my company, labor union or interest group will spend unlimited sums explicitly advertising against your re-election. " The New York Times reported that 24 states with laws prohibiting or limiting independent expenditures by unions and corporations would have to change their campaign finance laws because of the ruling.
    • Anthony Kennedy's majority opinion found that the BCRA prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech.

  • Universal Coverage

    • This image depicts the total healthcare services expenditure per capita, in U.S. dollars PPP-adjusted, for the nations of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States with the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2007 compared.

  • PACs and Campaigns

    • Federal Election Commission that laws prohibiting corporate and union political expenditures were unconstitutional.
    • Citizens United made it legal for corporations and unions to spend from their general treasuries to finance independent expenditures, but did not alter the prohibition on direct corporate or union contributions to federal campaigns; those are still prohibited.
    • Super PACs, officially known as "independent-expenditure only committees," may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending independently of the campaigns.