civil society

Examples of civil society in the following topics:

• Other Forms of Political Participation

  • People can engage in nonviolent acts of civil disobedience where they deliberately break a law that they consider to be unjust.
  • This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement .
  • Coaching a little league team, volunteering at a nursing home, or working at a homeless shelter all represent participation in civil society, the community of individuals who volunteer and work cooperatively outside of formal governmental institutions.
  • Civil society depends on social networks, based on trust and goodwill, that form between friends and associates and allow them to work together to achieve common goals.
  • Volunteering is another form of political participation and a crucial part of a healthy civil society.

• The Rights of the Accused

  • An important postwar case was the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was at issue.
  • The rights of the accused, include the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote.
  • Civil and political rights form the original and main part of international human rights.
  • Civil and political rights are not codified to be protected, although most democracies worldwide do have formal written guarantees of civil and political rights.
  • Civil rights are considered to be natural rights.

• Minorities, Women, and Children

  • That is, those who hold the majority of positions of social power in a society.
  • Usage of the term is applied to various situations and civilizations within history, despite its popular wrongful association with a numerical, statistical minority.
  • While in most societies, numbers of men and women are roughly equal, the status of women as a subordinate group has led some (especially within feminist movements) to equate them with minorities.
  • Another form of affirmative action is quotas, where a percentage of places at university, or in employment in public services, are set aside for minority groups (including women) because a court has found that there has been a history of exclusion as it pertains to certain groups in certain sectors of society.
  • The Civil Rights Movement attempted to increase rights for minorities within the U.S.

• Forms of Disagreement

  • Such expression may take forms from vocal disagreement to civil disobedience to the use of violence.
  • The protection of freedoms that facilitate peaceful dissent has become a hallmark of free and open societies.
  • One form of political dissent is civil disobedience.
  • Civil disobedience is commonly, though not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance.
  • It is one form of civil resistance.

• Jim Crow and the Civil Rights Movement

  • The Civil Rights Movement aimed to outlaw racial discrimination against black Americans, particularly in the South.
  • The Civil Rights Movement generally lasted from 1955 to 1968 and was particularly focused in the American South.
  • Board of Education decision in 1954, civil rights organization broadened their strategy to emphasize "direct action"—primarily boycotts, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, marches and similar tactics that relied on mass mobilization, nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.
  • Churches, local grassroots organizations, fraternal societies, and black-owned businesses mobilized volunteers to participate in broad-based actions.
  • Civil Rights Movement.

• Individualism

  • Individualism is a philosophy that stresses the value and rights of the individual vis-a-vis society and government.
  • Individualists promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance while opposing external interference upon one's own interests by society or institutions such as the government.
  • Civil libertarianism is not a complete ideology; rather, it is a collection of views on the specific issues of civil liberties and civil rights.
  • Because of this, a civil libertarian outlook is compatible with many other political philosophies, and civil libertarianism is found on both the right and left in modern politics.
  • Individualism is often contrasted either with totalitarianism or with collectivism, but in fact there is a spectrum of behaviors at the societal level ranging from highly individualistic societies through mixed societies to collectivist societies.

• Models of Bureaucracy

  • Weberian civil service is hierarchically organized and viewed as the most efficient and rational way of organizing.
  • He saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalization of Western society.
  • Weber described many ideal types of public administration and government in his masterpiece Economy and Society (1922).
  • His critical study of the bureaucratisation of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work.
  • Many aspects of modern public administration go back to him and a classic, hierarchically organised civil service of the Continental type is called "Weberian civil service". [98] As the most efficient and rational way of organising, bureaucratisation for Weber was the key part of the rational-legal authority and furthermore, he saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalisation of the Western society.

• Civil Rights of People with Disabilities

  • Disabled Americans face limited access to public places and institutions that civil rights legislation seeks to address.
  • Thus, disability is often complex, reflecting an interaction between features of a person's body and of the society in which he or she lives.
  • The disability rights movement became organized in the 1960s, concurrent with the African-American civil rights movement and feminist movement.
  • The act provided comprehensive civil rights protections modeled after the Civil Rights Act.

• Privacy Rights and National Security

  • In the United States, the controversial USA Patriot Act has raised two main questions - to what extent should individual rights and freedoms be restricted and can the restriction of civil rights for the sake of national security be justified?
  • The measures adopted to maintain national security in the face of threats to society has led to ongoing dialectic, particularly in liberal democracies, on the appropriate scale and role of authority in matters of civil and human rights.
  • Although national security measures are imposed to protect society as a whole, many such measures will restrict the rights and freedoms of all individuals in society.
  • In the United States, the politically controversial USA Patriot Act and other government action has raised two main questions - to what extent should individual rights and freedoms be restricted and can the restriction of civil rights for the sake of national security be justified?
  • Explain the underlying tension between national security and civil liberties, identifying the historical roots and institutionalization of the concept of national security

• Civil Rights of Native Americans

  • Relocating Indian populations to reservations during a period of American expansion is an example of what would today be considered a civil rights violation.
  • Indigenous societies ranged widely in terms of geographic location, culture, and social structure, with distinct languages and governing systems.
  • Partly because of the reservation system, civil rights protections have often involved complex legal issues.
  • Congress passed the Indian Civil Rights Act, which gave tribal members protections from both the U.S.
  • Identify the modern civil rights issues that pertain to Native Americans in the United States