stratum basale

Examples of stratum basale in the following topics:

• Structure of the Skin: Epidermis

  • The stratum basale, also called the stratum germinativum, is the basal (base) layer of the epidermis. 
  • Millions of these new cells arise in the stratum basale on a daily basis. 
  • From the stratum basale, the keratinocytes move into the stratum spinosum, a layer so called because its cells are spiny-shaped cells. 
  • This death occurs largely as a result of the distance the keratinocytes find themselves from the rich blood supply the cells of the stratum basale lie on top off. 
  • The stratum basale is primarily made up of basal keratinocyte cells, which can be considered the stem cells of the epidermis.

• Blood Supply to the Epidermis

  • The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and remove waste from its own cells and from the stratum basale of the epidermis.

• Metabolic Functions

  • Vitamin D is produced in the two innermost strata of the epidermis, the stratum basale and stratum spinosum.

• What is Skin?

• Hair

  • Here, stratum basale epithelial cells divide via mitosis to form the hair. 

• Skin Color

  • The deepest of the epidermal layers is called the stratum basale or stratum germinativum. 
  • The amount of carotene found in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and the deepest layer of the skin, the hypodermis. 

• Basal Ganglia

  • One of the most intensively studied functions of the basal ganglia (BG) is its role in controlling precise eye movements.
  • The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei, ) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit.
  • Two schematic drawings of coronal sections of human brain labelling the basal ganglia.
  • The basal nuclei are often referred to as the basal ganglia.
  • The main components of the basal nuclei are labeled in purple.

• Disorders of the Basal Ganglia

  • Basal ganglia disease refers to physical dysfunctions that occur when basal ganglia fail to suppress unwanted movements.
  • An example of a hypokinetic basal ganglia disease is Parkinsonism.
  • An example of a hyperkinetic basal ganglia disease is Huntington's Disease.
  • The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain .
  • This is a diagram of the main circuits of the basal ganglia.

• The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Movement

  • The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit.
  • Currently popular theories hold that the basal ganglia play a primary role in action selection.
  • One of the most intensively studied functions of the basal ganglia is their role in controlling eye movements.
  • This diagram shows the main circuits of the basal ganglia.
  • Two coronal slices have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia structures.

• Basement Membranes and Diseases

  • The basement membrane is the fusion of two lamina: the basal lamina and the reticular lamina (or lamina reticularis).
  • The lamina reticularis is attached to the basal lamina with anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen fibers ) and microfibrils (fibrillin).
  • The basal lamina layer can further be divided into two layers: the clear layer closer to the epithelium is called the lamina lucida, and the dense layer closer to the connective tissue is called the lamina densa.
  • The most notable examples of basement membranes are in the glomerular filtration of the kidney, by the fusion of the basal lamina from the endothelium of glomerular capillaries and the basal lamina of the epithelium of the Bowman's capsule; and between lung alveoli and pulmonary capillaries, by the fusion of the basal lamina of the lung alveoli and of the basal lamina of the lung capillaries, which is where oxygen and CO2 diffusion happens.