Paget's disease

Examples of Paget's disease in the following topics:

• Paget's Disease

  • Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that causes affected bones to become large and misshapen.
  • Paget's disease of bone is a chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones.
  • Paget's disease is rarely diagnosed in people less than 40 years of age.
  • High magnification micrograph of Paget's disease of the bone.
  • Paget's disease of bone is shown in the left pelvis.

• Heart Failure

  • Common causes of heart failure include myocardial infarction and other forms of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.
  • However, these conditions can lead to heart failure, a disease that is common, costly, disabling, and potentially deadly.
  • This can occur from severe anemia, Gram negative septicaemia, beriberi (vitamin B1/thiamine deficiency), thyrotoxicosis, Paget's disease (a bone disease that puts strain upon the heart), arteriovenous fistulae, or arteriovenous malformations.
  • Heart murmurs may indicate the presence of valvular heart disease, either as a cause (aortic stenosis) or result (mitral regurgitation) of heart failure.
  • Treatment focuses on improving the symptoms and preventing the progression of the disease.

• Autoimmune Diseases

  • Autoimmune diseases are an inappropriate immune response against tissues in the body.
  • Autoimmune diseases are commonly considered complex immune disorders.
  • While many autoimmune diseases are rare, collectively these diseases afflict millions of patients.
  • However, defects of one or more of these genes do not cause an autoimmune disease, but only predispose a person for an autoimmune disease.
  • The factors that trigger an autoimmune disease are still unknown.

• Lyme Disease

  • In 1984, blood tests for Lyme disease became widely available; in 1987, it became a reportable disease, which required physicians to notify the State when a patient tested positive for Lyme disease.
  • Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
  • Although Allen Steere realized that Lyme disease was a tick-borne disease in 1978, the cause of the disease remained a mystery until 1981, when B. burgdorferi was identified by Willy Burgdorfer.
  • Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere.
  • Not all patients with Lyme disease will have all symptoms, and many of the symptoms are not specific to Lyme disease, but can occur with other diseases as well.

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys.
  • There are two types of PKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and the less-common autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
  • Polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common life-threatening genetic diseases, affecting an estimated 12.5 million people worldwide.
  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common of all the hereditary cystic kidney diseases, with an incidence of 1:1,000 to 2:1,000 live births.
  • Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys

• Heart Valve Disorders

  • Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right).
  • Pulmonary and tricuspid valve diseases are right-side heart diseases.
  • Pulmonary valve diseases are the least common heart valve disease in adults.
  • Both tricuspid and pulmonary valve diseases are less common than aortic or mitral valve diseases due to the lower pressure those valves experience.
  • Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease .

• Coronary Artery Disease

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD; also atherosclerotic heart disease) is the result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the coronary arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients.
  • It is sometimes also called coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • While the symptoms and signs of coronary artery disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary artery disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a sudden heart attack, finally arises.
  • Many other more effective treatments, especially of the underlying atheromatous disease, have been developed.
  • Vegetarians have been shown to have a 24% reduced risk of dying of heart disease.

• Muscular Atrophy

  • Muscle atrophy can occur from disuse (decreated activity) or disease, resulting in power loss or immobility.
  • Muscle atrophy that results from disease rather than disuse is generally one of two types:
  • Examples of diseases affecting the nerves that control muscles would be poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
  • disease of the muscle itself.
  • There is no cure for muscular dystrophy, but medications and therapy can slow the course of the disease.

• Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

  • Ischemic heart disease (IHD), or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by ischaemia, or reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.
  • Ischemic heart disease is typically associated with an underlying specific heart disease.
  • The disease process underlying most ischemic heart disease is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which decreases blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • Treatment of ischemic heart disease is dependent on the underlying disease process.
  • In coronary artery disease, these atherosclerotic plaques build up in the coronary arteries and rupture may lead to ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.

• Hemostasis Disorders

  • There are three types of von Willebrand disease: type 1, type 2, and type 3.
  • Type 1 von Willebrand disease is the mildest and most common form of the disease.
  • In this type of disease, there is a low level of von Willebrand factor.
  • Type 3 von Willebrand disease is very rare and is the most severe form.
  • Many people with von Willebrand disease do not require treatment to manage the disease.