optic sulcus

Examples of optic sulcus in the following topics:

• Development of Vision

  • Development of the optic vesicles starts in the three-week embryo from a progressively deepening groove in the neural plate called the optic sulcus.
  • As this expands, the rostral neuropore (the exit of the brain cavity out of the embryo) closes and the optic sulcus and the neural plate becomes the optic vesicle.
  • The lens then acts as an inducer back to the optic vesicle to transform it into the optic cup and back to the epidermis to transform it into the cornea.
  • Iris is formed from the optic cup cells.
  • After the closure of the tube they are known as the optic vesicles.

• Optic (II) Nerve

  • The optic nerve is also known as cranial nerve II.
  • The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves.
  • As a consequence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness.
  • The optic nerve leaves the orbit, which is also known as an eye socket, via the optic canal, running posteromedially toward the optic chiasm, where there is a partial decussation (crossing) of fibers from the nasal visual fields of both eyes.
  • An illustration of the brain highlighting the optic nerve and optic tract.

• Orbits

  • To the rear of the orbit, the optic foramen opens into the optical canal through which the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass.
  • Finally, the sphenoid bone forms the posterior wall of the orbit and also contributes to the formation of the optic canal.

• Sensory Areas

  • The primary somatosensory cortex, located across the central sulcus and behind the primary motor cortex, is configured to generally correspond with the arrangement of nearby motor cells related to specific body parts.
  • The visual area is located on the calcarine sulcus deep within the inside folds of the occipital lobe.

• Humerus (The Upper Arm)

  • Between the two tubercles lies a deep grove called the intertubercular sulcus, through which the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii runs.

• Hypoglossal (XII) Nerve

  • The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus where it separates the olive (olivary body) and the pyramid (medullary pyramid).

• Fourth Week of Development

  • The optical vesicle (which will eventually become the optic nerve, retina, and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon.
  • A white circle represents the area of the optical vesicle.

• The Brain

  • Anatomists call each cortical fold a sulcus and the smooth area between folds a gyrus.
  • The only exception is the border between the frontal and parietal lobes, which is shifted backward from the corresponding suture to the central sulcus.

• Cerebral Lobes

  • It is separated from the parietal lobe by a space between tissues called the central sulcus and from the temporal lobe by a deep fold called the lateral (Sylvian) sulcus.

• Foramina

  • Optic foramen: Located in the sphenoid, it allows the passage of the ophthalmic artery and nerve from the optic canal into the orbit.