metabolic alkalosis

Examples of metabolic alkalosis in the following topics:

• Alkalosis

  • Alkalosis can refer to respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis.
  • Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45 ).
  • Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by prolonged vomiting, resulting in a loss of hydrochloric acid with the stomach content.
  • Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involves slowed breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide, a condition leaning toward respiratory acidosis.
  • As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

• Chemical Composition of Bone

  • Acid-base imbalances, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, can produce severe, even life-threatening medical conditions.
  • Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).
  • The causes of metabolic alkalosis can be divided into two categories, depending upon urine chloride levels.
  • The excess sodium increases extracellular volume and the loss of hydrogen ions creates a metabolic alkalosis.
  • Differentiate among the acid-base disorders: metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis

• Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

  • Acid-base imbalances, including metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, can produce severe, even life-threatening medical conditions.
  • Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45 ).
  • The causes of metabolic alkalosis can be divided into two categories, depending upon urine chloride levels.
  • Excess sodium increases extracellular volume and the loss of hydrogen ions creates a metabolic alkalosis.
  • Compensation for metabolic alkalosis occurs mainly in the lungs, which retain carbon dioxide (CO2) through slower breathing, or hypoventilation (respiratory compensation).

• Regulation of H+ by the Lungs

  • The process that causes the imbalance is classified based on the etiology of the disturbance (respiratory or metabolic) and the direction of change in pH (acidosis or alkalosis).
  • There are four basic processes: metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, and respiratory alkalosis.

• Acidosis

  • Acidosis is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35, while its counterpart (alkalosis) occurs at a pH over 7.45.
  • The distinction may be relevant where a patient has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis, wherein the relative severity of both determines whether the result is a high or a low pH.
  • Metabolic acidosis may result from increased production of metabolic acids or disturbances in the ability to excrete acid via the kidneys.
  • Metabolic acidosis is compensated for in the lungs, as increased exhalation of carbon dioxide promptly shifts the buffering equation to reduce metabolic acid.
  • It can also occur as a compensatory response to chronic metabolic alkalosis.

• Diuretics

  • They are more correctly called aquaretics.The main adverse effects of diuretics are hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and hyperuricemia.

• Urinalysis

  • pH- the acidity of urine is easily quantified by test strips, which can identify cases of metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

• The Role of the Kidneys in Acid-Base Balance

  • In response to alkalosis, the kidneys may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonium excretion.

• Chemical Buffer Systems

  • In responses to alkalosis, the kidneys may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonium excretion.

• The Reason for Breathing

  • Respiratory alkalosis happens when the opposite effect occurs.
  • Alkalosis can happen from hyperventilation (too much breathing) which removes too much carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
  • These feedback mechanisms can fail in people with chronic respiratory diseases like emphysema and bronchitis, or from the side effects of certain drugs, in which acidosis and alkalosis will occur regardless.
  • One of the primary reasons for breathing is to regulate blood pH so that respiratory acidosis and alkalosis don't occur.