isotonic

Examples of isotonic in the following topics:

• Types of Muscle Contractions: Isotonic and Isometric

  • Isotonic contractions maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length.
  • Isotonic muscle contractions can be either concentric or eccentric.
  • In contrast to isotonic contractions, isometric contractions generate force without changing the length of the muscle, common in the muscles of the hand and forearm responsible for grip.
  • An isotonic concentric contraction results in the muscle shortening, an isotonic eccentric contraction results in the muscle lengthening.

• Sodium, Electrolytes, and Fluid Balance

  • There are three types of dehydration: hypotonic or hyponatremic (primarily a loss of electrolytes, sodium in particular), hypertonic or hypernatremic (primarily a loss of water), and isotonic or isonatremic (equal loss of water and electrolytes).
  • In humans, the most common type of dehydration by far is isotonic (isonatraemic) dehydration which effectively equates with hypovolemia; but the distinction of isotonic from hypotonic or hypertonic dehydration may be important when treating people with dehydration.
  • Solutions used for intravenous rehydration must be isotonic or hypotonic.

• Water Balance Disorders

  • There are three types of dehydration that differ based on the type of change in ion concentrations: hypotonic (primarily a loss of electrolytes, sodium in particular), hypertonic (primarily a loss of water), and isotonic (equal loss of water and electrolytes).
  • Isotonic dehydration will not change plasma osmolarity, but it will reduce overall plasma volume.
  • Isotonic dehydration is the most common type of dehydration.
  • Solutions used for intravenous rehydration must be isotonic or hypotonic.

• Artificial Blood Substitutes

  • Unlike volume expanders, blood substitutes contain both an oxygen-carrying aspect and an isotonic solution that is compatible with natural blood.

• Plasma and Blood Volume Expanders

  • Crystalloids: The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood (isotonic).