ischemic phase

Examples of ischemic phase in the following topics:

• Ovarian Cycle

  • However, some sources define these phases as menstruation, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.
  • The follicular phase (or proliferative phase) is the phase of the menstrual cycle in humans and great apes during which follicles in the ovary mature, ending with ovulation.
  • The luteal phase (or secretory phase) is the latter part of the menstrual or estrous cycle.
  • The main hormone associated with this stage is progesterone, which is significantly higher during the luteal phase than in other phases of the cycle.
  • Some sources define the end of the luteal phase as a distinct ischemic phase.

• Blood Flow in the Brain

  • In brain tissue, a biochemical cascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially resulting in damage to and death of brain cells.

• Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

  • Symptoms of stable ischemic heart disease include angina, which is characteristic chest pain on exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance.
  • The disease process underlying most ischemic heart disease is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which decreases blood flow to the heart muscle.
  • Treatment of ischemic heart disease is dependent on the underlying disease process.
  • This test examines blood flow to the heart during exertion, and can be used as a diagnostic tool in ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.
  • In coronary artery disease, these atherosclerotic plaques build up in the coronary arteries and rupture may lead to ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.

• Cerebrovascular Accident

  • Risk factors for stroke include old age, hypertension (high blood pressure), previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and atrial fibrillation.
  • An ischemic stroke is occasionally treated in a hospital with thrombolysis (also known as a "clot buster"), and some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from neurosurgery.
  • Infarcts are more likely to undergo hemorrhagic transformation (leaking of blood into the damaged area) than other types of ischemic stroke.
  • Despite not causing identifiable symptoms, a silent stroke still causes damage to the brain, and places the patient at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future.

• Transient Ischemic Attacks

  • A transient ischemic attack is similar to a stroke; though without permanent damage, it can serve as an important risk factor for stroke.
  • A transient ischemic attack (abbreviated as TIA, often referred to as mini stroke) is a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia – either focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal – without acute infarction (tissue death).

• Heart Failure

  • Common causes of heart failure include myocardial infarction and other forms of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.
  • An electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) may be used to identify arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, right and left ventricular hypertrophy, and presence of conduction delay or abnormalities (e.g. left bundle branch block).

• Gastric Phase

  • The gastric phase is a period in which swallowed food activates gastric activity in the stomach.
  • The gastric phase is a period in which swallowed food and semidigested protein (peptides and amino acids) activate gastric activity.
  • About two-thirds of gastric secretion occurs during this phase .
  • Below pH of two, stomach acid inhibits the parietal cells and G cells: a negative feedback loop that winds down the gastric phase as the need for pepsin and HCl declines.
  • During the gastric phase, gastrin is secreted.

• Carotid Sinus Syncope and Massage

  • If these plaques are large and unstable, they predispose a patient to ischemic strokes.

• Cephalic Phase

  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach via neurological signals.
  • The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach, especially while it is being eaten.
  • Neurogenic signals that initiate the cephalic phase of gastric secretion originate from the cerebral cortex, and in the appetite centers of the amygdala and hypothalamus.
  • This phase of secretion normally accounts for about 20 percent of the gastric secretion associated with eating a meal.
  • Cephalic phase causes ECL cells to secrete histamine and increase HCl acid in the stomach.

• Coronary Artery Disease

  • When the myocardium becomes ischemic, it does not function optimally.
  • When large areas of the myocardium become ischemic, there can be impairment in the relaxation and contraction of the myocardium.