interosseous membrane

Examples of interosseous membrane in the following topics:

• Interosseous Membranes

  • An interosseous membrane is a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body.
  • The interosseous membrane is a type of connective tissue found between certain bones in the body.
  • The long bones of the lower arm and the leg both have attached interosseous membranes.
  • The interosseous membrane in the arm extends between the radius and the ulna in the lower arm .
  • This image shows the interosseous membrane connecting the radius and the ulna.

• Syndesmoses

  • A syndesmosis is a type of articulation or joint in which two adjacent bones are joined by an interosseous membrane.
  • The interosseous membrane is a type of connective tissue found between certain bones, such as those in syndesmosis joints.
  • For example, the long bones of the lower arm and the leg both have attached interosseous membranes.
  • In the leg, the interosseous membrane extends between the tibia and the fibula, running along the crests of the bones.
  • The interosseous membrane in the lower arm extends between the radius and the ulna.

• Ulna and Radius (The Forearm)

  • The space between the two bones is spanned by the interosseous membrane.

• Tibia and Fibula (The Leg)

  • Both are bound together with the interosseous membrane.

• Membrane Potentials as Signals

  • Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
  • The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions.
  • Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane to establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients, a process known as facilitated diffusion.
  • The membrane potential has two basic functions.
  • Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential that causes electric current to flow rapidly to other points in the membrane.

• Epithelial Membranes

  • The mucous membranes are linings of ectodermal origin.
  • These mucus membranes are involved in absorption and secretion.  
  • These membranes exist in the  hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts.
  • The term "mucous membrane" refers to where they are found in the body; not every mucous membrane secretes mucus.
  • Most mucous membranes contain stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelial tissue.

• Basement Membranes and Diseases

  • The basement membrane anchors epithelium to the connective tissue beneath it.
  • The two layers are collectively known as the basement membrane.
  • The basement membrane is also essential for angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels).
  • Basement membrane proteins have been found to accelerate differentiation of endothelial cells.
  • Some diseases result from a poorly-functioning basement membrane.

• Resting Membrane Potentials

  • The potential difference in a resting neuron is called the resting membrane potential.
  • The potential difference in a resting neuron is called the resting membrane potential.
  • This causes the membrane to be polarized.
  • The value of the resting membrane potential varies from -40mV to -90mV in a different types of neurons.
  • The resting membrane potential exists only across the membrane.

• The Action Potential and Propagation

  • Action potential is a brief reversal of membrane potential where the membrane potential changes from -70mV to +30mV.
  • When the membrane potential of the axon hillock of a neuron reaches threshold, a rapid change in membrane potential occurs in the form of an action potential.
  • This moving change in membrane potential has three phases.
  • As additional sodium rushes in, the membrane potential actually reverses its polarity.  
  • As a result, the membrane permeability to sodium declines to resting levels.

• Serous Membranes

  • Serous membranes line and enclose serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement.
  • In anatomy, a serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells, which secrete serous fluid, and a thin connective tissue layer.
  • Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath.
  • Therefore, each organ becomes surrounded by serous membrane; they do not lie within the serous cavity.
  • Describe the function of the serous membranes in the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities