Golgi tendon organ

Examples of Golgi tendon organ in the following topics:

• Proprioceptive Sensations

  • The Golgi organ (also called Golgi tendon organ, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that is located at the insertion of skeletal muscle fibers onto the tendons of skeletal muscle.
  • It provides the sensory component of the Golgi tendon reflex.
  • The Golgi organ should not be confused with the Golgi apparatus—an organelle in the eukaryotic cell—or the Golgi stain, which is a histologic stain for neuron cell bodies.
  • The Golgi tendon reflex is a normal component of the reflex arc of the peripheral nervous system.
  • The Golgi tendon organ contributes to the Golgi tendon reflex and provides proprioceptive information about joint position.

• Muscle Tone

  • Muscle tone is controlled by neuronal impulses and influenced by receptors found in the muscle and tendons.
  • A similar system is found in the tendons attaching muscle to bone.
  • Distinct stretch receptors called golgi tendon organs assess the level of stretch within the tendon.
  • The sensitivity of the golgi tendon organ is significantly less than that of the spindle, so it is thought they exist to prevent damage rather than control muscle tone.

• Spinal Reflexes

  • Spinal reflexes include the stretch reflex, the Golgi tendon reflex, the crossed extensor reflex, and the withdrawal reflex.
  • Spinal reflexes include the stretch reflex, the Golgi tendon reflex, the crossed extensor reflex, and the withdrawal reflex.
  • The Golgi tendon reflex is a normal component of the reflex arc of the peripheral nervous system.
  • The sensory receptors for this reflex are called Golgi tendon receptors, and lie within a tendon near its junction with a muscle.
  • The Golgi tendon organ, responsible for the Golgi tendon reflex, is diagrammed with its typical position in a muscle (left), neuronal connections in spinal cord (middle), and expanded schematic (right).

• Classification of Nerves

  • A-alpha fibers are the primary receptors of the muscle spindle and golgi tendon organ.

• Muscle Attachment Sites

  • Tendons are composed of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
  • These proteins play a key role in maintaining the organization of the tendon, especially during compression and extension.
  • Not all muscle attaches via tendons.
  • It is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body.
  • Tendons are a common tissue that connect muscle to bone.

• Reflexes and Diagnosis

  • The stretch reflexes (often called deep tendon reflexes, though not to be confused with Golgi tendon reflexes) provide information on the integrity of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

• Overview of the Musculoskeletal System

  • The musculoskeletal system is an organ system that enables an organism to move, support itself, and maintain stability during locomotion.
  • The musculoskeletal system is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together.
  • Its primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs.
  • A tendon is a tough, flexible band made of fibrous connective tissue, and functions to connect muscle to bone.
  • These provide cushions between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint.

• Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens (Self-Antigens)

  • A complex series of vessicles enable MHC transport from the cell, and the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies facilitate this transport during antigen processing.
  • However, surgically replaced, or "grafted" organs are very often rejected by the body's immune system.
  • These drugs are effective at stopping acute organ rejection after the procedure, but will not stop chronic organ rejection, in which gradual vascular lesions and endothelial thickening slowly kills the graft.
  • Additionally, if an organ donor has HLA similar to that of the recipient, the risk of organ rejection is reduced, however this isn't feasible for organ transplants of the heart, liver, or lungs, because there generally isn't enough time to find a matching organ donor to help a patient with diseases of these illnesses.
  • MHC-I/peptide complexes enter Golgi apparatus, are glycosylated, enter secratory vesicles, fuse with the cell membrane, and externalize on the cell membrane interacting with T lymphocytes.

• Organ Transplants

  • Organ transplantation involves moving organs between bodies (or from donor sites on patients' bodies) for the purpose of replacing recipients' damaged or absent organs.
  • Tissues capable of transplantation include bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), corneas, skin grafts, heart valves, and veins.
  • Organ donors may be living or brain dead.
  • Organ trafficking is one problem.
  • Organ transplants are not regulated by the FDA.

• Abnormal Contractions of Skeletal Muscle

  • In medicine, a spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden contraction of an orifice .
  • A spasm may lead to muscle strains or tears of tendons and ligaments, if the force of the spasm exceeds the tensile strength of the underlying connective tissues, such as with a particularly forceful spasm, or in the case of weakened connective tissues.
  • This is an episodic pain due to spasms of smooth muscle in a particular organ (e.g., the bile duct).