Examples of glial cell in the following topics:
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- Ganglia are composed mainly of neuron cell bodies (somata) and dendritic structures.
- Satellite glial cells are a type of glial cell that line the exterior surface of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) .
- Satellite glial cells (SGCs) also surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia.
- Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells.
- Satellite glial cells are expressed throughout the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia in their respective nervous system divisions.
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- Neuroglia are also called "glial cells."
- These glial cells are involved in many specialized functions apart from support of the neurons.
- In the PNS, satellite cells and Schwann cells are the two kinds of neuroglia.
- Astrocytes are shaped like a star and are the most abundant glial cell in the CNS.
- Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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- Neuroglia in the CNS include astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes.
- Astrocytes are star shaped delicate branching glial cells.
- Ependymal cells are another glial subtype that line the ventricles of the CNS.
- Oligodendrocytes are cells that have fewer processes compared to astrocytes.
- Oligodendrocytes form the electrical insulation around the axons of CNS nerve cells.
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- The nervous system is a network of cells called neurons that coordinate actions and transmit signals between different parts of the body.
- Central to the functioning of the nervous system is an extensive network of specialized cells called neurons.
- Neurons send signals along thin fibers called axons and communicate with other cells by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters at cell-cell junctions called synapses .
- Along with neurons, the nervous system relies on the function of other specialized cells called glial cells, or glia, that provide structural and metabolic support to the nervous system.
- When this signal reaches a synapse, it provokes release of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to receptor molecules located in the the target cell.
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- A brain tumor is a pathological abnormal growth of cells in the brain.
- A brain tumor is an intracranial solid neoplasm—a tumor (defined as an abnormal growth of cells)—within the brain or the central spinal canal.
- Within the brain itself, the involved cells may be neurons or glial cells (which include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells).
- Surgery: complete or partial resection of the tumor to remove as many tumor cells as possible
- Chemotherapy: is a treatment option for cancer, however it is seldom used to treat brain tumors as the blood and brain barrier prevents the drugs from reaching the cancerous cells
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- Neurons are sometimes referred to as nerve cells, although this term is misleading since many neurons do not occupy nerves, and nerves also include non-neuronal support cells (glial cells) that contribute to the health of enclosed neurons.
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- Embryonic neural development includes the birth and differentiation of neurons from stem cell precursors.
- In vertebrates, the first sign of the nervous system is the appearance of a thin strip of cells along the center of the back, called the neural plate .
- Induction of neural tissues causes formation of neural precursor cells, called neuroblasts.
- In drosophila, neuroblasts divide asymmetrically, so that one product is a "ganglion mother cell" (GMC), and the other is a neuroblast.
- A GMC divides once, to give rise to either a pair of neurons or a pair of glial cells.
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- This results in a strip of neuronal stem cells that runs along the back of the fetus.
- The first postmitotic cells to migrate form the preplate which are destined to become Cajal-Retzius cells and subplate neurons.
- These cells do so by somal translocation.
- They do not resemble the cells migrating by locomotion or somal translocation.
- Instead these multipolar cells express neuronal markers and extend multiple thin processes in various directions independently of the radial glial fibers.
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- Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissue, cells, or cell products.
- It is limited by the inhibitory influences of the glial and extracellular environment.
- Glial scars rapidly form, and the glia actually produce factors that inhibit remyelination and axon repair.
- All of these factors contribute to the formation of what is known as a glial scar, which axons cannot grow across .
- Astrocytes can be identified in culture because, unlike other mature glia, they express glial fibrillary acidic protein.
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- Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells, or cell products.
- The proximal axons are able to regrow as long as the cell body is intact, and they have made contact with the Schwann cells in the endoneurial channel.
- It is limited by the inhibitory influences of the glial and extracellular environment.
- Glial scars rapidly form and the glia actually produce factors that inhibit remyelination and axon repair.
- All these factors contribute to the formation of what is known as a glial scar, which axons cannot grow across.