congenital

(adjective)

Present since birth.

Related Terms

Examples of congenital in the following topics:

  • Congenital Defects

    • A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life (neonatal disease) regardless of causation.
    • Congenital disorders vary widely in causation and abnormalities.
    • Much of the language used for describing congenital conditions predates genomic mapping, and structural conditions are often considered separately from other congenital conditions.
    • Several terms are used to describe congenital abnormalities.
    • A congenital physical anomaly is an abnormality of the structure of a body part.

  • Congenital Heart Defects

    • A congenital heart defect is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels that is present at birth.
    • Approximately nine people in 1,000 are born with a congenital heart defect.
    • Small chromosomal abnormalities also frequently lead to congenital heart disease.
    • There are more than 1.8 million adults living with congenital heart defects.
    • Changes in heart sounds can indicate specific congenital defects in heart valves and chambers.

  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia refers to an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutated genes for enzymes that produce cortisol from cholesterol.
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to any of several autosomal recessive diseases resulting from mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of cortisol from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis).
    • The defects causing adrenal hyperplasia are congenital (i.e., present at birth).
    • In all its forms, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for about 95% of diagnosed cases of CAH.

  • Albinism

    • Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
    • Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to he absence of or defect in an enzyme involved in the production of melanin .

  • Spina Bifida

    • Spina bifida is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.
    • Spina bifida (Latin: "split spine") is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.

  • Cleft Palate and Lip

    • Cleft lip and cleft palate are variations of a type of clefting congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation.
    • Cleft lip and cleft palate, which can also occur individually or together, are variations of a type of clefting congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation .

  • Heart Valve Disorders

    • Valve problems may be congenital (inborn) or acquired (due to another cause later in life).
    • Heart valve dysplasia is an error in the development of any of the heart valves, and a common cause of congenital heart defects in humans as well as animals; tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four abnormalities, one of which is stenosis of the pulmonary valve.

  • Cryptorchidism

    • Cryptorchidism occurs at a much higher rate in a large number of congenital malformation syndromes.
    • A recent study published in the European medical journal Human Reproduction examined the prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism among offspring whose mothers had taken mild analgesics, primarily over-the-counter pain medications including ibuprofen (e.g.
    • Combining the results from a survey of pregnant women prior to their due date, in correlation with the health of their children and an ex vivo rat model, the study found that pregnant women who had been exposed to mild analgesics had a higher prevalence of baby boys born with congenital cryptorchidism.

  • Breast Augmentation and Reduction

    • Each augmentation approach corrects post–mastectomy defects in a breast reconstruction procedure; congenital defects and congenital abnormalities of the chest wall; and aesthetically enhances the natural size, look, and feel of the bust.

  • Adrenal Gland Disorders

    • Addison's disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia can manifest as adrenal insufficiency.
    • Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland.