congenital disorder

(noun)

A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth or that develops during the first month of life (neonatal disease) regardless of causation.

Related Terms

Examples of congenital disorder in the following topics:

  • Congenital Defects

    • Congenital disorders, conditions existing at birth that often develop during gestation, are generically grouped regardless of cause.
    • A congenital disorder, or congenital disease, is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life (neonatal disease) regardless of causation.
    • A congenital disorder may be the result of genetic abnormalities, the intrauterine (uterus) environment, errors of morphogenesis, infection, or a chromosomal abnormality.
    • Congenital disorders vary widely in causation and abnormalities.
    • Genetic disorders or diseases are all congenital, although they may not be expressed or recognized until later in life.

  • Albinism

    • Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.
    • Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to he absence of or defect in an enzyme involved in the production of melanin .

  • Spina Bifida

    • Spina bifida is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.
    • Spina bifida (Latin: "split spine") is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.

  • Deviated Nasal Septum

    • Nasal septum deviation (displacement) is a common physical disorder of the nose that may require corrective surgery.
    • Nasal septum deviation (displacement) is a common physical disorder of the nose.
    • It can also be a congenital disorder caused by compression of the nose during childbirth or due to Marfan syndrome.
    • Patients may also complain of difficulty breathing, headaches, bloody noses, or of sleeping disorders such as snoring or sleep apnea.

  • Thyroid Gland Disorders

    • All of these disorders may give rise to goiter, which is an enlarged thyroid.
    • Hypothyroid disorders may occur as a result of congenital thyroid abnormalities, autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine deficiency (more likely in poorer countries), or the removal of the thyroid following surgery to treat severe hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.
    • Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder whereby the body's own immune system reacts with the thyroid tissues in an attempt to destroy it.
    • A persistent thyroglossal duct or cyst is the most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the thyroid gland.
    • Differentiate among the types of thyroid gland disorders: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid nodules

  • Lactose Intolerance

    • Congenital lactase deficiency is a very rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that prevents lactase expression from birth.
    • People with congenital lactase deficiency who are unable to digest lactose from birth are unable to digest breast milk.
    • Congenital lactase deficiency (CLD), where the production of lactase is inhibited from birth, can be dangerous in any society because of infants' nutritional reliance on breast milk during their first months.

  • Heart Valve Disorders

    • Valve problems may be congenital (inborn) or acquired (due to another cause later in life).
    • Valvular heart disease includes aortic and mitral valve disorders, and pulmonary and tricuspid valve disorders.
    • Heart valve dysplasia is an error in the development of any of the heart valves, and a common cause of congenital heart defects in humans as well as animals; tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four abnormalities, one of which is stenosis of the pulmonary valve.

  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia refers to an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutated genes for enzymes that produce cortisol from cholesterol.
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to any of several autosomal recessive diseases resulting from mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of cortisol from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis).
    • CAH is a genetic disorder in which girls are masculinized because the adrenal glands secrete large amounts of androgen during prenatal development.
    • The defects causing adrenal hyperplasia are congenital (i.e., present at birth).
    • In all its forms, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for about 95% of diagnosed cases of CAH.

  • Adrenal Gland Disorders

    • Addison's disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia can manifest as adrenal insufficiency.
    • Other cases are due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia or an adenoma (tumor) of the adrenal gland.
    • Evaluate the types of adrenal insufficiency that lead to adrenal gland disorders

  • Congenital Heart Defects

    • A congenital heart defect is a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels that is present at birth.
    • Approximately nine people in 1,000 are born with a congenital heart defect.
    • Small chromosomal abnormalities also frequently lead to congenital heart disease.
    • There are more than 1.8 million adults living with congenital heart defects.
    • Changes in heart sounds can indicate specific congenital defects in heart valves and chambers.