cancer

Examples of cancer in the following topics:

• Effects of Smoking

  • Figure 1 shows the correlation between smoking and lung cancer.
  • Among the diseases that can be caused by smoking are vascular stenosis, lung cancer, heart attacks, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (including emphysema and chronic bronchitis), and cancer (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer).
  • The primary risks of tobacco usage include many forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer, kidney cancer, cancer of the larynx and head and neck, breast cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the pancreas, and stomach cancer.
  • There is some evidence suggesting a small increased risk of myeloid leukemia, squamous cell sinonasal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cancers of the gallbladder, the adrenal gland, the small intestine, and various childhood cancers.

• Cancer Immunology

  • Cancer immunology examines the interaction between cancer cells and the immune system.
  • Cancer immunology is the study of interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies).
  • The study of these viruses and their role in the development of various cancers is still continuing; however, a vaccine has been developed that can prevent infection of certain HPV strains, and thus prevent those HPV strains from causing cervical cancer, and possibly other cancers as well.
  • Cancer immunotherapy attempts to stimulate the immune system to reject and destroy tumors.
  • Lung cancer has been demonstrated to potentially respond to immunotherapy.

• Cervical Cancer

  • Cervical cancer is a cancer that originates in the cervix of a female.
  • One of the most common symptoms of cervical cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, but in some cases there may be no obvious symptoms until the cancer has progressed to an advanced stage.
  • Very rarely, cancer can arise in other types of cells in the cervix.
  • The early stages of cervical cancer may be completely asymptomatic.
  • While the pap smear is an effective screening test, confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer or pre-cancer requires a biopsy of the cervix.

• Colorectal Cancer

  • Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer from uncontrolled malignant cell growth in the colon, rectum, or appendix.
  • Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer from uncontrolled malignant cell growth in the colon, rectum, or appendix .
  • Colorectal cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, but it is more common in developed countries.
  • Physical activity can moderately reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
  • More than 80% colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps making this cancer amenable to screening .

• Testicular Cancer

  • Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system.
  • Over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 250 (0.4%).
  • Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers: in excess of 90%; essentially 100% if it has not spread (metastasized).
  • Although testicular cancer can be derived from any cell type found in the testicles, more than 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors .
  • However, the American Cancer Society suggests that some men should examine their testicles monthly, especially if they have a family history of cancer.

• Pancreatic Cancer

  • Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths across the globe, and has one of the highest fatality rates of all cancers.
  • Symptoms of pancreatic cancer metastasis.
  • The risk of developing pancreatic cancer increases with age.
  • This depends on the stage of the cancer.
  • These micrographs show the progression of changes in the pancreas due to cancer, from normal pancreas, to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (precursors to pancreatic cancer), and finally pancreatic cancer.

• Lung Cancer

  • The incidence of lung cancer in the United States.
  • Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells.
  • The main types of lung cancer are small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
  • Well-differentiated squamous cell lung cancers often grow more slowly than other cancer types.
  • Similar to many other cancers, lung cancer is initiated by activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.

• Ovarian Cancer

  • Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary.
  • Since the ovaries and tubes are closely related to each other, it is thought that these fallopian cancer cells can mimic ovarian cancer.
  • These cancers are grouped into the category of gynecologic cancer.
  • In most cases, the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains unknown.
  • The more children a woman has, the lower her risk of ovarian cancer.

• Overview of Cancer

  • Not all tumors are cancerous.
  • Cancer is the new "great imitator".
  • Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells.
  • Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer.
  • Thus, cancer is largely considered a preventable disease.

• Breast Cancer

  • Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a type of cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply them.
  • Worldwide, it comprises 22.9% of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) in women.
  • In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide, and 13.7% of all cancer deaths in women.
  • The earliest breast cancers are detected by a mammogram.
  • Occasionally, breast cancer presents as metastatic disease, that is, cancer that has spread beyond the original organ.